Jatiya Sangsad

Jatiya Sangsad. The Bangladeshi parliament, also known as the National Parliament of Bangladesh, is a key institution in the country's constitutional framework, playing a vital role in the country's politics alongside the President of Bangladesh and the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. The Supreme Court of Bangladesh ensures the Rule of law in the country, while the Election Commission of Bangladesh oversees the electoral process. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party and the Awami League are two of the major Political parties in Bangladesh that have been influential in shaping the country's History of Bangladesh.

Introduction

The Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban, designed by Louis Kahn, serves as the permanent Seat of government of Bangladesh, hosting the National Assembly of Bangladesh. The Constitution of Bangladesh outlines the framework and powers of the Parliament of Bangladesh, which is composed of members elected through a General election process, with the Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh ensuring the integrity of the electoral process. The Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad plays a crucial role in maintaining order and facilitating discussions within the house, while the Leader of the House is responsible for guiding the legislative agenda. The Cabinet of Bangladesh, headed by the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, is accountable to the Jatiya Sangsad and must maintain its confidence to remain in office, with the opposition parties, such as the Jatiya Party, playing a vital role in holding the government accountable.

History

The History of Bangladesh is marked by significant events, including the Bangladesh Liberation War, which led to the country's independence from Pakistan in 1971. The Mukti Bahini, a guerrilla force, played a crucial role in the war, with support from India and other international actors, such as the United Nations. The Provisional Government of Bangladesh was established in 1970, with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as its leader, and the Constitution of Bangladesh was adopted in 1972. The Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1975 led to a period of instability, with Ziaur Rahman and later Hussain Muhammad Ershad ruling the country, until the 1990 Mass Uprising in Bangladesh led to the restoration of democracy. The Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord was signed in 1997, aiming to bring peace to the Chittagong Hill Tracts region, while the Rangpur and Khulna divisions have been key areas of focus for development initiatives.

Composition

The Jatiya Sangsad is composed of 300 members, who are elected through a first-past-the-post system, with 50 seats reserved for women. The Electoral system of Bangladesh is designed to ensure representation from all Divisions of Bangladesh, including Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Sylhet. The Bangladesh Awami League, led by Sheikh Hasina, has been the dominant party in the Jatiya Sangsad since 2009, with the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, led by Khaleda Zia, being a key opposition party. The Jatiya Party, led by Hussain Muhammad Ershad, and the Workers Party of Bangladesh, led by Rashed Khan Menon, are other significant parties in the Jatiya Sangsad.

Powers_and_Functions

The Jatiya Sangsad has the power to make laws for the country, with the President of Bangladesh serving as the head of state and the Prime Minister of Bangladesh as the head of government. The Cabinet of Bangladesh is responsible for implementing policies and programs, with the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Planning playing key roles in shaping the country's economy. The Bangladesh Bank serves as the central bank, while the Dhaka Stock Exchange and the Chittagong Stock Exchange are the country's main stock exchanges. The Jatiya Sangsad also has the power to approve the budget and to hold the government accountable through parliamentary procedures, such as Question Time and Motion of no confidence.

Members

Members of the Jatiya Sangsad are elected for a term of 5 years, with the Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad being the presiding officer of the house. The Deputy Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad assists the Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad in maintaining order and facilitating discussions. The Chief Whip is responsible for ensuring party discipline and coordinating the legislative business of the house. The Leader of the Opposition plays a crucial role in holding the government accountable and providing alternative policies and programs. The Jatiya Sangsad has a number of committees, including the Public Accounts Committee and the Estimates Committee, which oversee various aspects of government activity.

Elections

General elections are held every 5 years to elect members to the Jatiya Sangsad, with the Election Commission of Bangladesh responsible for overseeing the electoral process. The Electoral system of Bangladesh is designed to ensure free and fair elections, with the Bangladesh Army and other security agencies providing support to maintain law and order during the election period. The Awami League, Bangladesh Nationalist Party, and Jatiya Party are among the major parties that contest elections, with the Election Commission of Bangladesh ensuring that all parties have a fair opportunity to participate in the electoral process. The Dhaka University, University of Chittagong, and Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology are among the institutions that have played a significant role in shaping the country's education system, which is critical for producing informed and engaged citizens who can participate in the electoral process. Category:Government of Bangladesh