BASIC
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| BASIC | |
|---|---|
| Name | BASIC |
| Paradigm | Procedural, Imperative |
| Designed by | John Kemeny, Thomas Kurtz |
| Developed by | Dartmouth College |
| First appeared | 1964 |
| Typing | Static, Dynamic |
| Implementations | Altair BASIC, Applesoft BASIC, BBC BASIC, GW-BASIC, Microsoft BASIC |
| Influenced by | ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN |
| Influenced | C (programming language), Pascal (programming language), Java (programming language) |
BASIC is a high-level, interpreted programming language developed by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz at Dartmouth College in the 1960s, with the goal of creating a simple and easy-to-learn language for students at Dartmouth College, Harvard University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The language was designed to be used on mainframe computers such as the GE-225 and GE-235, and was influenced by earlier languages like ALGOL 60, COBOL, and FORTRAN. The development of BASIC was also influenced by the work of Konrad Zuse, Alan Turing, and Niklaus Wirth, who all made significant contributions to the field of computer science at University of Cambridge, University of Manchester, and ETH Zurich. The language was first implemented on the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System and later on other platforms, including the Apple II, Commodore 64, and IBM PC, with the help of companies like Microsoft, Apple Inc., and Commodore International.
Introduction
The introduction of BASIC in the 1960s revolutionized the way people learned to program, making it more accessible to a wider audience, including students at Stanford University, University of California, Berkeley, and Carnegie Mellon University. The language was designed to be easy to learn and use, with a simple syntax and a focus on problem-solving, which was influenced by the work of Marvin Minsky at MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and John McCarthy at Stanford Research Institute. BASIC was also influenced by the development of other programming languages, such as LISP and Smalltalk, which were created by John McCarthy and Alan Kay at MIT and Xerox PARC. The language was widely adopted in the 1970s and 1980s, with implementations on a variety of platforms, including the Altair 8800, Apple II, and Commodore 64, which were popularized by companies like Microsoft, Apple Inc., and Commodore International.
History
The history of BASIC dates back to the 1960s, when John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz began developing the language at Dartmouth College, with the help of NASA, National Science Foundation, and Association for Computing Machinery. The first version of BASIC was released in 1964, and it quickly gained popularity as a teaching tool at universities like Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Stanford University. In the 1970s, BASIC was implemented on a variety of platforms, including the mainframe computers at IBM, UNIVAC, and Honeywell, and later on personal computers like the Apple II, Commodore 64, and IBM PC, which were popularized by companies like Microsoft, Apple Inc., and Commodore International. The development of BASIC was also influenced by the work of Edsger W. Dijkstra, Donald Knuth, and Robert Floyd, who all made significant contributions to the field of computer science at University of Texas at Austin, Stanford University, and Carnegie Mellon University.
Syntax
The syntax of BASIC is designed to be simple and easy to learn, with a focus on problem-solving and algorithm design, which was influenced by the work of Niklaus Wirth at ETH Zurich and Brian Kernighan at Bell Labs. The language uses a variety of statements, including PRINT, INPUT, and GOTO, which were influenced by the development of other programming languages, such as C (programming language) and Pascal (programming language). BASIC also supports a range of data types, including integer, floating-point, and string, which were influenced by the work of Alan Turing at University of Cambridge and Konrad Zuse at Zuse KG. The language has undergone many changes over the years, with new features and improvements added to make it more powerful and flexible, including the development of object-oriented programming and graphical user interfaces by companies like Microsoft, Apple Inc., and Sun Microsystems.
Dialects
There are many dialects of BASIC, each with its own unique features and characteristics, including Altair BASIC, Applesoft BASIC, BBC BASIC, and GW-BASIC, which were developed by companies like Microsoft, Apple Inc., and Commodore International. Some dialects, such as QBASIC and FreeBASIC, are designed to be compatible with earlier versions of BASIC, while others, such as Visual Basic and RealBasic, offer more advanced features and capabilities, including object-oriented programming and graphical user interfaces. The development of BASIC dialects was also influenced by the work of Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs and James Gosling at Sun Microsystems, who created C++ and Java (programming language).
Applications
BASIC has a wide range of applications, from education and research to business and entertainment, including the development of video games like Pac-Man and Donkey Kong by companies like Namco and Nintendo. The language is often used to teach programming concepts and problem-solving skills to students at universities like Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Carnegie Mellon University. BASIC is also used in a variety of industries, including finance, healthcare, and government, with companies like IBM, Microsoft, and Google using the language to develop software applications and systems. The language has also been used in the development of operating systems like MS-DOS and Windows, which were created by companies like Microsoft and IBM.
Legacy
The legacy of BASIC is profound, with the language having a significant impact on the development of computer science and programming languages, including the creation of C (programming language), Pascal (programming language), and Java (programming language). BASIC has also influenced the development of other programming languages, such as Python (programming language) and Ruby (programming language), which were created by Guido van Rossum at National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science and Yukihiro Matsumoto at University of Tokyo. The language continues to be used today, with many modern programming languages and development environments owing a debt to BASIC, including Visual Studio and Xcode, which were developed by companies like Microsoft and Apple Inc.. The development of BASIC has also been recognized by the Association for Computing Machinery, which awarded John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz the ACM Distinguished Service Award for their contributions to the field of computer science.