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| Type 364 radar | |
|---|---|
| Name | Type 364 |
| Country | China |
| Intro | Naval 2D air/surface search radar |
| Manufacturer | Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology |
| Frequency | S-band |
| Introduced | 1990s |
| Type | 2D surveillance radar |
Type 364 radar is a Chinese naval search radar developed for medium- to short-range air and surface surveillance and target acquisition. It serves as an all-weather, day-night sensor aboard frigates, destroyers, and corvettes and integrates with combat systems, fire-control directors, and weaponry. The radar links into combat management architectures used by PLAN, export customers, and shipbuilders.
The system provides 2D azimuth and range data for aircraft, helicopters, anti-ship missiles, and surface contacts, supporting weapons such as close-in weapon systems and surface-to-air missiles. Designed by the Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, it complements electro-optical suites and maritime radars fitted to hulls built by Hudong-Zhonghua, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, and others. Its role in sensor networks places it alongside systems fielded by navies including those operating vessels from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Fincantieri, and STX.
Development traces to Chinese radar initiatives during the late Cold War and post–Cold War naval modernization programs influenced by requirements observed in operations involving ships from the United States Navy, Royal Navy, and Russian Navy. Engineers incorporated lessons from systems such as the AN/SPS-49, SPS-40, MR-310 Angara, and indigenous developments like the Type 352 and Type 381. The design emphasizes reliability, compactness for frigate mounting, and integration with combat management systems such as those produced by CEC, Thales Group, and domestic firms. Structural design considerations mirror trends set by shipbuilders like China State Shipbuilding Corporation and classification societies including Lloyd's Register.
The architecture employs a planar array antenna operating in the S-band, offering medium-range detection performance and beamforming capabilities akin to modern electronic scanning radars developed by companies such as Raytheon, Saab, and Thales. It provides search sectors with configurable azimuth coverage and pulse-Doppler processing to discriminate low-altitude targets in littoral clutter environments similar to operations researched by Office of Naval Research programs. Electronic counter-countermeasures are informed by studies from institutions like MIT and Tsinghua University. Typical parameters reported by analysts include detection ranges adequate for cueing close-in gun systems and missile launchers, track capacity compatible with combat management links used by Huawei-supplied communications on some platforms, and power/aperture characteristics comparable to contemporary medium-range naval radars.
Type 364 installations appear on various classes of Chinese warships built at shipyards including China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation yards, Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding, and export refits constructed by CSIC. Platform types encompass light frigates, guided-missile frigates, corvettes, and patrol vessels that operate in East Asian and global fleets influenced by Chinese export activities to countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. Integration examples parallel sensor suites installed on ships by manufacturers including Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering, Hyundai Heavy Industries, and Fincantieri for other navies.
Introduced during a period of rapid expansion of the People's Liberation Army Navy, the radar has supported operations in maritime zones contested by states like Japan, India, and Vietnam. Operational use coincided with deployments linked to incidents involving features such as the Paracel Islands and South China Sea arbitration tensions, and during exercises with formations reminiscent of multinational maneuvers involving units comparable to those from the United States Seventh Fleet and Royal Australian Navy. Upgrades over time reflect responses to evolving threats including anti-ship cruise missiles showcased in studies by RAND Corporation and doctrines discussed at institutions like the Naval War College.
Analysts compare Type 364 to contemporaneous systems such as the SMART-S family, the SPS-49, and Russian designs like the Fregat-M2EM, noting trade-offs in range, resolution, and platform fit. Export and domestic variants show differing electronics suites, similar to how companies such as MBDA and Lockheed Martin produce tailored sensor packages. Variant development parallels modular upgrade paths seen with systems like the Sea Giraffe and TRS-3D.
Primary operator is the People's Liberation Army Navy, with export customers among navies procuring Chinese-built surface combatants, including services of Bangladesh Navy, Pakistan Navy, and others that commission ships at yards like China Shipbuilding Trading Company. In-service status remains active with ongoing retrofits and modernization efforts performed in naval dockyards and repair facilities comparable to those managed by China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation and international partners.
Category:Naval radars Category:People's Liberation Army Navy equipment