Series 1928

Series 1928
Name	Series 1928
Production	1928

Series 1928 Series 1928 is a designation applied to a cohort of artifacts produced in 1928 that have significance across United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Soviet Union, Canada, Australia, Mexico, Spain, Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Poland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Greece, Portugal, Turkey, China, India, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Colombia, South Africa, New Zealand, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Ethiopia and Ecuador contexts, intersecting with events such as the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the Treaty of Lausanne, the Treaty of Trianon, the Kellogg–Briand Pact, the Locarno Treaties, the Young Plan, the Dawes Plan, the Irish Free State developments, and cultural movements including Art Deco, Surrealism, Dada, Modernism, Bauhaus, Constructivism, Futurism, Expressionism, Harlem Renaissance, Vienna Secession, De Stijl, Cubism, Neoclassicism, Symbolism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Russian Avant-Garde, Japanese Taishō period, and Weimar culture.

Overview

Series 1928 comprises products, media, or objects issued in 1928 associated with manufacturers, publishers, or institutions such as RCA, Siemens, General Electric, Ford Motor Company, Rolls-Royce, Fiat, Nippon Electric Company, Harvard University Press, Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press, Penguin Books (precursor influences), Collier's Weekly, The Times, Le Figaro, Der Sturm, Pravda, The New York Times, The Guardian, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Time (magazine), Life (magazine), National Geographic Society, Smithsonian Institution, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Museum of Modern Art, Victoria and Albert Museum, Tate Modern, and Louvre Museum. The series reflects intersections with technological innovators like Alexander Graham Bell legacy firms, industrialists linked to Henry Ford, designers connected to Le Corbusier, and artists in the circles of Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dalí, Wassily Kandinsky, Marcel Duchamp, Henri Matisse, Gustav Klimt, Piet Mondrian, Kazimir Malevich, Edward Hopper, Georgia O'Keeffe, Frida Kahlo, Diego Rivera, Ansel Adams, Alfred Stieglitz, Man Ray, André Breton, and writers including Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, T. S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, D. H. Lawrence, Gertrude Stein, H. G. Wells, John Maynard Keynes, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Albert Einstein, and Niels Bohr.

Historical Context

In 1928 the international environment involved actors such as Herbert Hoover, Stanley Baldwin, Ramsay MacDonald, Raymond Poincaré, Benito Mussolini, Vittorio Emanuele III of Italy, Emperor Hirohito, Joseph Stalin, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, King George V, Queen Elizabeth (Queen Mother), Pope Pius XI, Winston Churchill in his interwar roles, and diplomats from League of Nations member states including Paul Hymans and Frank B. Kellogg. Intellectual currents from Princeton University, University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, Sorbonne University, University of Berlin, Tokyo Imperial University, University of Toronto, McGill University, Australian National University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and institutions such as Rockefeller Foundation, Carnegie Corporation, Ford Foundation precursors, shaped policy and culture. Series 1928 items were produced amid industrial expansion driven by firms like General Motors, Chrysler Corporation, Vickers, Boeing, Sikorsky, Airco, Imperial Airways, Pan American World Airways precursors, and technologies in radio pioneered by Guglielmo Marconi, Reginald Fessenden, Lee De Forest, Philo Farnsworth development lines.

Design and Technical Specifications

Designs in Series 1928 drew on aesthetics from Art Deco practitioners and engineering from Bauhaus-affiliated firms, with materials supplied by companies like DuPont, ArcelorMittal precursors, Alcoa, and chemical processes informed by research at Royal Society, National Research Council (Canada), Max Planck Society precursors. Technical specifications referenced standards promulgated by bodies such as International Electrotechnical Commission, British Standards Institution, American National Standards Institute precursors, and measurements used in projects linked to Panama Canal administration and Suez Canal operations. Components often incorporated patents assigned to inventors in suits involving Thomas Edison interests, Nikola Tesla estates, and firms connected to Karl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler, Rudolf Diesel, S. F. Edge, Harry Gordon Selfridge, Marshall Field, J. P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Vladimir Lenin legacy nationalizations, and Leon Trotsky exile-era networks.

Production and Distribution

Manufacture occurred in factories in regions such as Detroit, Manchester, Toulouse, Turin, Nagoya, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Warsaw, Budapest, Prague, Vienna, Zurich, Barcelona, Lisbon, Athens, Cairo, Buenos Aires, Santiago, Lima, Bogotá, Johannesburg, Cape Town, Auckland, Wellington, Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, and Mexico City. Distribution networks used shipping lines including Cunard Line, White Star Line, Hamburg America Line, Nippon Yusen Kaisha, P&O, Matson Navigation Company, railroad systems like Union Pacific Railroad, Canadian Pacific Railway, Great Western Railway, Deutsche Reichsbahn, Ferrovie dello Stato, Indian Railways precursors, and airlines related to KLM and Aeronaves de México beginnings. Retail channels included department stores tied to Harrods, Selfridges, Saks Fifth Avenue, Macy's, Gimbels, Galeries Lafayette, Printemps, El Corte Inglés precursors, and catalogs from Sears, Roebuck and Co..

Reception and Impact

Contemporary reception involved critics and commentators from outlets such as The New Yorker, Harper's Bazaar, Punch (magazine), Le Monde precursors, Der Spiegel precursors, Frankfurter Zeitung, La Stampa, Corriere della Sera, El País precursors, and trade journals like Scientific American, Nature, The Lancet, Journal of the American Medical Association, The Economist, Financial Times, Bloomberg precursor reports, and analyses by scholars at Columbia University, Yale University, Princeton University, University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Imperial College London, ETH Zurich, École Polytechnique, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), and Dartmouth College. Series 1928 influenced later collections in institutions such as Smithsonian Institution, British Museum, Natural History Museum, London, Science Museum, London, Palace of Versailles exhibitions, National Gallery (London), Uffizi Gallery, Prado Museum, Hermitage Museum, State Historical Museum (Moscow), and inspired policy debates in forums like League of Nations Assembly and United Nations precursors.

Preservation and Collecting

Preservation efforts are conducted by archives and custodians including Library of Congress, National Archives (UK), Bibliothèque nationale de France, Bundesarchiv, Archivio di Stato, National Diet Library (Japan), National Library of Canada, National Library of Australia, Archivo General de la Nación (Mexico), Archivo General de la Nación (Argentina), Israel State Archives, and museums listed above. Collectors and auction houses active in Series 1928 markets include Sotheby's, Christie's, Bonhams, Phillips (auctioneers), Heritage Auctions, Skinner, Inc., Rago Arts and Auction Center precursors, and dealers associated with Antiquariat Weineck types. Conservation techniques reference standards from International Council of Museums, International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, ICOMOS, and laboratory collaborations with Getty Conservation Institute and university conservation programs at New York University, University College London, University of Delaware, Courtauld Institute of Art, University of Glasgow, University of Melbourne, University of São Paulo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile.

Category:1928