Russian National Security Strategy

Russian National Security Strategy
Name	Russian National Security Strategy
Adopted	Various; major revisions 2000, 2015, 2021
Jurisdiction	Russian Federation
Document type	Strategic policy document

Contents

Russian National Security Strategy The Russian National Security Strategy is a series of strategic policy documents that articulate the Russian Federation's highest-level priorities for national survival, sovereignty, and state continuity, linking long-term planning in Moscow, Kremlin, President of Russia's office, and executive agencies. The Strategy coordinates directives across instruments associated with the Security Council of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Defence (Russia), Foreign Ministry (Russia), Federal Security Service, and other bodies while interfacing with texts such as the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation, the Concept of the Foreign Policy, and the Doctrine of Information Security. The Strategy frames responses to external actors including North Atlantic Treaty Organization, European Union, United States, NATO–Russia relations, and regional entities like the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

Overview and Purpose

The document defines existential goals linking the Constitution of Russia, the President of the Russian Federation, the Security Council of the Russian Federation, and executive instruments such as the Federal Assembly (Russia) and the Government of Russia, while specifying priorities for agencies including the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia), the Investigative Committee of Russia, and the Federal Protective Service. It routinely references external pressures from actors including United States Department of Defense, European Commission, NATO Parliamentary Assembly, and regional conflicts like Ukraine crisis (2014–present), Syrian Civil War, and South Ossetia conflict. The Strategy's purpose is to marshal resources across tranches overseen by the Ministry of Economic Development (Russia), the Ministry of Finance (Russia), and state corporations such as Gazprom and Rosneft to safeguard territorial integrity and strategic interests.

Origins trace to post-Soviet strategic formulations shaped by the Yeltsin administration, subsequent elaborations under Vladimir Putin, and sequential releases in 2000, 2015, and 2021 that responded to events like the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, the Second Chechen War, the 2008 Russo-Georgian War, and the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. Drafting processes involved institutions such as the Presidential Administration of Russia, the Russian Security Council, and think tanks including the Russian Academy of Sciences and Valdai Discussion Club. Revisions reflect influences from treaties and accords including the Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances and interactions with strategic documents like the National Defense Strategy (United States) and the NATO Strategic Concept.

The Strategy intersects with constitutional instruments such as the Constitution of Russia and statutory texts including the Law on the Security Council of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law on Defense. Implementation is executed via ministries: Ministry of Defence (Russia), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia), Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia), and security services such as the Federal Security Service and Foreign Intelligence Service. Oversight mechanisms include the Security Council of the Russian Federation, the State Duma, and the Federation Council (Russia), while coordination occurs with state corporations like Rostec and regulatory bodies including the Central Bank of Russia.

The Strategy enumerates threats tied to actors such as United States Department of State, European Union External Action Service, NATO, and transnational networks including Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Al-Qaeda, and organized criminal groups. It prioritizes protection of strategic regions including Crimea, the Black Sea, the Arctic, the Caucasus, and the Kaliningrad Oblast, and addresses geopolitical rivals such as Poland, Ukraine, Baltic states, and partners like China and India. Economic pressure points reference sanctions regimes imposed by European Union, United States Department of the Treasury, and multilateral measures tied to organizations like the Group of Seven and World Trade Organization.

Defense elements coordinate the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the Russian Ground Forces, the Russian Navy, the Russian Aerospace Forces, and the Strategic Rocket Forces with procurement through entities such as United Shipbuilding Corporation and Almaz-Antey. Operational concepts draw on exercises like Zapad exercises, doctrines referencing escalate to de-escalate debates, and assets including Iskander missile systems, S-400 Triumf, and nuclear forces governed by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons context and bilateral frameworks like the New START Treaty. Military modernization ties to defense industry firms such as Uralvagonzavod and the United Aircraft Corporation.

Economic security provisions coordinate sanctions resilience via the Ministry of Finance (Russia), sovereign funds like the National Wealth Fund (Russia), and state energy champions Gazprom, Rosneft, and Novatek. Energy strategy references pipelines and projects such as Nord Stream, TurkStream, Power of Siberia, and port access through Sakhalin Oblast and the Port of Novorossiysk, while trade relations implicate China–Russia relations, BRICS, Eurasian Economic Union, and multilateral forums like the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

The Strategy emphasizes cyber and information domains overseen by agencies including the Federal Security Service, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media, and the Roskomnadzor regulator. It addresses threats arising from actors like Anonymous (hacker group), state actors linked to United States Cyber Command, and private firms such as Microsoft and Google (Alphabet Inc.) in contexts involving critical infrastructure, satellite systems like GLONASS, and industrial firms including Rostec and Kaspersky Lab.

Implementation involves coordination among the Security Council of the Russian Federation, the Presidential Administration of Russia, the Ministry of Defence (Russia), and legislative scrutiny by the State Duma, with monitoring through intelligence services such as the Federal Security Service and the Foreign Intelligence Service. International implications affect relations with NATO, European Union, United States, and regional actors including Turkey, Iran, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, influencing treaty dynamics like the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe and shaping engagement in multilateral venues such as United Nations Security Council and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

Category:Security policy of Russia