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| Japanese nationalism | |
|---|---|
| Name | Japan |
| Native name | 日本 |
| Capital | Tokyo |
| Largest city | Tokyo |
| Official languages | Japanese language |
| Government | Constitution of 1947 |
| Area km2 | 377975 |
| Population estimate | 125.8 million |
| Currency | Japanese yen |
Japanese nationalism
Japanese nationalism denotes political, cultural, and social movements that prioritize the interests, identity, and continuity of Japan and its institutions. It has evolved through interactions with the Tokugawa shogunate, Meiji Restoration, Empire of Japan, Allied occupation of Japan, and contemporary parties and organizations such as the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) and Nippon Kaigi. Debates about sovereignty, the role of the Emperor of Japan, and constitutional arrangements remain central to modern disputes.
Early formations trace to the late medieval and early modern periods, involving actors like the Tokugawa shogunate, factions associated with the Sengoku period, and intellectual currents from figures such as Motoori Norinaga and Kamo no Mabuchi. Contact with Portuguese traders in Japan and later Dutch learning introduced external referents, prompting responses by thinkers linked to the sonnō jōi movement and leaders of the Chōshū Domain and Satsuma Domain. Intellectual lineage continued through scholars associated with the Kokugaku school and legal reforms inspired by models from Prussia and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland during the 19th century diplomatic crises culminating in the Boshin War.
The Meiji Restoration centralized authority under the Meiji oligarchy and promoted state-led modernization visible in the Meiji Constitution and institutions like the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy. Restoration-era policies intersected with national rites associated with the Ise Grand Shrine and the redefinition of the Emperor of Japan's status via proclamations such as the Imperial Rescript on Education. Diplomatic episodes including the Treaty of Shimonoseki and conflicts like the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War reinforced expansionist currents among elites in Tokyo and regional centers such as Osaka and Nagoya.
Ultranationalist organizations such as the Black Dragon Society and political actors tied to the Kōdōha faction influenced coup attempts and policy during the Taishō period and early Shōwa period. Doctrines articulated in texts and campaigns involved figures like Yoshida Shōin's legacy and military leaders associated with the 20 February Incident and February 26 Incident. Expansionist strategy combined with doctrines of racial polity advanced in colonial administrations in Korea under Japanese rule, Taiwan under Japanese rule, and occupied regions during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific War. International agreements and clashes such as the Tripartite Pact and confrontations with the United States shaped wartime mobilization.
After the Allied occupation of Japan led by Douglas MacArthur, the postwar constitution redefined state structures and Article 9 became a focal point for debates involving the Japan Self-Defense Forces, parties like the Japan Socialist Party, and conservative coalitions such as the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan). Political leaders including Shigeru Yoshida and later figures in cabinets of Yasuhiro Nakasone and Junichiro Koizumi engaged controversies over constitutional revision, defense policy, and commemorations at sites like the Yasukuni Shrine, affecting relations with People's Republic of China and the Republic of Korea.
Contemporary conservative and revisionist groups such as Nippon Kaigi, think tanks linked to Keidanren, and parliamentary caucuses within the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) advocate changes to the Constitution of Japan and educational policy. Political leaders including Shinzo Abe advanced agendas emphasizing historical reinterpretation, regional security, and ties to allies like the United States. Electoral forces such as Komeito and opposition parties including the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan and Japanese Communist Party contest nationalist platforms in national elections and in prefectural politics from Hokkaido to Okinawa Prefecture.
Cultural projects emphasize the Japanese language, classical literatures like the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, and religious institutions including the Shinto establishment and major temples such as Senso-ji. Education reforms reference the Imperial Rescript on Education legacy and disputes over textbook treatments of events like the Nanjing Massacre and Comfort women issue involve historians from universities such as University of Tokyo and Kyoto University. Heritage preservation initiatives intersect with agencies like the Agency for Cultural Affairs and with cultural exports tied to anime and manga industries centered in Tokyo and Kyoto.
Nationalist positions generate domestic challenges from civil society groups including Citizen's Network-type organizations, labor unions tied to Rengo (Japanese trade union confederation), and activists in Okinawa Prefecture opposing base relocations such as Futenma debates. Internationally, controversies over historical memory and textbook narratives affect diplomacy with People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea, and nations impacted during the Empire of Japan period, prompting responses at forums like the United Nations and bilateral summits with leaders of the United States. Critics invoke legal instruments such as the peace clause in the Constitution of Japan and judicial rulings from the Supreme Court of Japan to contest policy proposals.
Category:Politics of Japan Category:History of Japan Category:Nationalism by country