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| Jair Bolsonaro (politician) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jair Bolsonaro |
| Birth date | 1955-03-21 |
| Birth place | Glicério, São Paulo, Brazil |
| Occupation | Politician, former military officer |
| Office | 38th President of Brazil |
| Term start | 2019-01-01 |
| Term end | 2023-01-01 |
| Predecessor | Michel Temer |
| Successor | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
Jair Bolsonaro (politician) is a Brazilian politician and retired Brazilian Army officer who served as the 38th President of Brazil from 2019 to 2023. A polarizing figure, he rose from a long tenure in the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) to national prominence on a platform emphasizing law-and-order, social conservatism, and economic liberalization. His presidency intersected with major national and international actors and events, provoking intense debate across parties, media outlets, and civil society.
Born in Glicério (São Paulo), São Paulo, he grew up in a family with ties to Italian and Portuguese heritage and later moved to Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro. He attended the Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército and graduated from the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras, beginning a career in the Brazilian Army that included service in infantry units and postings related to Fortaleza, Manaus, and the Amazon. His military tenure overlapped with the tail end of the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964–1985), and he rose to the rank of captain before retiring to enter politics. During this period he had professional intersections with institutions such as the Ministry of Defense (Brazil), military schools, and veterans' organizations.
Entering electoral politics, he was first elected to the Municipal Chamber of Rio de Janeiro and subsequently to the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) where he served multiple terms. He represented constituencies connected to Rio de Janeiro (city) and formed alliances with parties including the Liberal Front Party, Progressive Party (Brazil), and the Social Liberal Party (PSL). In Congress he engaged with committees tied to public safety and interacted with legislators from the Workers' Party (PT), Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), Democrats, and PSC. His congressional career featured outspoken positions on issues debated in forums with figures such as Dilma Rousseff, Michel Temer, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, and Sergio Moro, and drew coverage from media outlets including Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo, Estadão, and BBC News.
Bolsonaro won the 2018 presidential election, defeating candidates from PT and other parties in a runoff, amid an electoral environment shaped by the Operation Car Wash, economic debates involving the International Monetary Fund, and public concerns about crime in cities like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (city). His administration appointed ministers including Paulo Guedes (Economy), Sergio Moro (Justice), and Ernesto Araújo (Foreign Affairs), and he engaged with leaders such as Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, Jair Bolsonaro (politician)'s interactions notwithstanding, Xi Jinping, Emmanuel Macron, and Angela Merkel on trade, environment, and geopolitics. The presidency confronted major events: the COVID-19 pandemic, international scrutiny over Amazon deforestation linked to INPE reports, and crises involving state governors and the Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF).
His administration prioritized deregulation, tax proposals, and pension reform centered on the Ministry of Economy (Brazil) and the economic team allied with Banco Central do Brasil. Policies included privatization plans touching state firms such as Petrobras and Eletrobras, and reforms debated within the National Congress of Brazil. His government took positions on environmental questions affecting the Amazon rainforest, indigenous territories involving organizations like the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI), and energy projects such as Itaipu Dam and mining activities in the Vale S.A. operational areas. On security, he advocated for expanded police powers, amnesty discussions related to Military Police (Brazil), and engaged with international partners on defense procurement. Foreign policy shifts altered relations with blocs like the Mercosur and organizations including the United Nations and World Health Organization during pandemic response deliberations.
His career involved recurrent controversies, many explored in media such as The New York Times and Le Monde, and subject to investigations by the Federal Police (Brazil), the STF, and congressional committees. Allegations and legal matters addressed campaign finance, comments on human rights debated with NGOs like Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic that drew criticism from public health figures linked to the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz). Environmental policy decisions prompted scrutiny from the European Union and led to diplomatic tensions with countries including Norway and Germany. High-profile episodes involved clashes with members of the STF, impeachment petitions presented in the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), and inquiries tied to the 2022 electoral period examined by electoral authorities such as the TSE.
After leaving office, he remained an influential figure within parties like the Progressistas (PP) and attracted support from conservative movements linked to evangelical groups such as the Brazilian Evangelical Alliance and social media networks involving platforms like WhatsApp, Twitter, and Facebook. He engaged in legal defenses before tribunals including the STF and TSE, and his post-presidential role influenced debates within state legislatures and national campaigns, intersecting with figures like Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Sergio Moro, Ciro Gomes, Fernando Haddad, and international commentators from outlets like The Economist. His continued presence shaped discussions about Brazil’s position in multilateral forums such as the Organization of American States and trade relations with partners including the United States and China.
Category:Brazilian politicians Category:Presidents of Brazil