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| Chilean general election, 2021 | |
|---|---|
| Name | 2021 Chilean general election |
| Date | 21 November and 19 December 2021 |
| Country | Chile |
| Type | Presidential and Parliamentary |
| Registered | 14,900,000 |
| Turnout | 47–55% |
Chilean general election, 2021.
The 2021 contest in Chile comprised a simultaneous presidential election and legislative renewal that determined composition of the President of Chile, the Senate of Chile, and the Chamber of Deputies of Chile following the 2019–2020 Chilean protests and the 2020 Chilean national plebiscite. The election featured a runoff between candidates who represented distinct coalitions tied to the 2019–2020 political realignment and the process of drafting a new Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile under a Constitutional Convention of Chile.
In the aftermath of the 2019 Estallido Social (Chile) mass demonstrations and the political compromise that led to the 2020 Chilean national plebiscite, the campaign unfolded amid debates stemming from the draft of the Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile, tensions in the Mapuche conflict, and economic debates influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile and the 2020 Chilean pension withdrawal measures. The outgoing president, Sebastián Piñera, faced criticism related to the Hong Kong extradition? controversies and protests over inequality that intensified support for candidates linked to the Broad Front (Chile), the Socialist Party of Chile, the Christian Democratic Party (Chile), and the Independent Democratic Union as well as the Chile Vamos coalition.
The presidential ballot used a two-round system established under the Constitution of Chile (1980) and subsequent electoral reforms; a candidate required an absolute majority in the first round or a runoff between the top two. Legislative elections for the Chamber of Deputies of Chile used the proportional D'Hondt method within multi-member districts created after the 2015 electoral reform, while the Senate of Chile elections followed staggered renewal rules for senators representing regions of Chile and constituencies defined by the Electoral Service (Servel). Voter registration was compulsory until the 2012 reform; since the 2012 Chilean electoral reform and the introduction of voluntary voting and automatic registration, turnout dynamics shifted, interacting with the Binomial system (Chile) legacy and the 2015 dismantling efforts.
Major candidacies emerged from established and emergent forces: the center-left coalition New Social Pact (Chile) featured figures from the Socialist Party of Chile, the Party for Democracy (Chile), and the Christian Democratic Party (Chile); the leftist coalition Apruebo Dignidad united the Communist Party of Chile and the Broad Front (Chile) with candidates linked to the Gabriel Boric movement. The right formed around the Chile Vamos successor and the Republican Party (Chile), with notable politicians including José Antonio Kast of the Republican Party (Chile) and figures associated with National Renewal (Chile) and the Independent Democratic Union. Centrist and independent candidacies included former ministers and legislators from the Evópoli and civil-society actors connected to the Constitutional Convention of Chile and the Council of Presidential Advisers.
Campaign themes featured policy disputes over the Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile draft, proposals to reform the Sistema de Pensiones, health measures tied to the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile, and security responses to the Mapuche conflict. Campaign strategies incorporated televised debates on Canal 13 and Televisión Nacional de Chile and mobilization via activists linked to the Student protests in Chile and the Movimiento No+AFP. Endorsements and strategic alliances involved actors such as the Trade Union Confederation of Chile and business groups like the Confederation of Production and Commerce, while international attention referenced leaders including Pablo Iglesias Turrión and parliamentary delegations from the European Union.
Throughout 2021, opinion polls by firms such as Datafolha, Cadem (polling) and Activa Research showed fluctuating support: early momentum favored candidates associated with the Broad Front (Chile), while later surveys indicated consolidation around Gabriel Boric and José Antonio Kast. Polling organizations tracked first-round percentages for the Chamber of Deputies of Chile and the Senate of Chile races and simulated runoffs akin to previous contests like the 2017 Chilean general election. Poll coverage cited turnout models influenced by the Mandatory voting in Chile reforms and demographic shifts among voters from Santiago and the Biobío Region.
The first round on 21 November produced no absolute majority, leading to a runoff on 19 December between the top two vote-getters, representing leftist and rightist blocs. Legislative outcomes altered the balance in the Senate of Chile and the Chamber of Deputies of Chile, with gains for newer formations such as Apruebo Dignidad and the Republican Party (Chile), while traditional parties like the Christian Democratic Party (Chile) and the Socialist Party of Chile saw mixed results. Results were certified by the Electoral Service (Servel), and the runoff determined the new President of Chile who faced a fragmented National Congress of Chile.
Post-election negotiations involved coalition-building across factions including the New Social Pact (Chile), Apruebo Dignidad, and conservative blocs tied to the Republican Party (Chile); appointments and cabinet formation referenced ministers from prior administrations such as those in the Michelle Bachelet cabinets and advisers associated with Patricio Aylwin era statesmen. The new administration confronted the task of interacting with the Constitutional Convention of Chile outcomes, addressing regional disputes in Araucanía Region and implementing pandemic recovery policies tied to international lenders like the Inter-American Development Bank and multilateral frameworks such as the United Nations Development Programme.
Category:Elections in Chile