Nanjing

Nanjing
Name	Nanjing
Settlement type	City
Coordinates	32, 03, 39, N...
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	China
Subdivision type1	Province
Subdivision name1	Jiangsu
Established title	Founded
Established date	495 BCE
Government type	Sub-provincial city
Leader title	CPC Secretary
Leader name	Han Liming
Leader title1	Mayor
Leader name1	Chen Zhichang
Area total km2	6587
Population total	9,423,400
Population as of	2020
Population density km2	auto
Timezone	China Standard Time
Utc offset	+8
Postal code type	Postal code
Postal code	210000–211300
Area code	25
Iso code	CN-JS-01
Website	http://www.nanjing.gov.cn/

Nanjing. It is the capital of Jiangsu province in eastern China and a historically significant metropolis situated on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Serving as a national hub for education, research, and transportation, it has been the capital of various Chinese dynasties and regimes, profoundly shaping the nation's cultural and political landscape. The city is renowned for its blend of ancient heritage and modern development, featuring prominent historical sites alongside expansive industrial and commercial zones.

History

The area's history dates to the Spring and Autumn period, with the founding of the city of Yecheng in 495 BCE. It served as the capital of the Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, and later became the seat of the Eastern Jin dynasty following the Upheaval of the Five Barbarians. Major imperial capitals were established here by the Liu Song dynasty, the Southern Qi, the Liang dynasty, the Chen dynasty, and the early Ming dynasty under the Hongwu Emperor, who ordered the construction of its massive city wall. In 1842, the Treaty of Nanking was signed aboard HMS *Cornwallis*, ending the First Opium War. It became the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the 1850s and later the Republic of China following the Xinhai Revolution, with Sun Yat-sen serving as its provisional president. The city endured the Battle of Nanking and the subsequent Nanking Massacre during the Second Sino-Japanese War. After 1949, it developed as a major industrial and educational center under the People's Republic of China.

Geography

The city is located in the southwestern part of Jiangsu, with the Yangtze River flowing through its northern part and the Qinhuai River tributary running through the urban core. It is bordered by Zhenjiang and Changzhou to the east, and Chuzhou in Anhui province to the west. Topography includes low mountains and hills such as the Zijin Mountain and Qixia Mountain, as well as plains and water systems like Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake. The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, completed in 1968, was a significant feat of engineering connecting the city's northern and southern banks. The region experiences a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons.

Demographics

According to the 2020 Chinese census, the city's permanent population exceeds 9.4 million. The majority are Han Chinese, with small communities of Hui people and other ethnic groups. The population is concentrated in districts such as Xuanwu, Qinhuai District, and Gulou, with significant growth in suburban areas like Jiangning District. As a major educational center, the city has a large transient population of students attending institutions like Nanjing University and Southeast University. The local dialect is a form of Jianghuai Mandarin.

Economy

Nanjing possesses a diverse and robust economy, with key pillars in advanced manufacturing, petrochemicals, and information technology. Major state-owned enterprises include Jiangsu Sinopec and Nanjing Iron and Steel Group. The Nanjing Economic and Technological Development Zone and the Nanjing Jiangbei New Area are critical industrial parks. It is a national hub for the electronics industry, hosting companies like TSMC's fabrication plant. The financial sector is centered in the Hebi Central Business District, with the presence of the Bank of Jiangsu and the Nanjing Securities. The Port of Nanjing is the largest inland port in the world by cargo tonnage.

Culture

The city is recognized as one of the "Four Great Ancient Capitals of China" and is rich in historical and cultural landmarks. Key sites include the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum on Zijin Mountain, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), and the preserved City Wall of the Ming Dynasty. Cultural institutions include the Nanjing Museum and the Jiangsu Art Museum. Traditional arts such as Nanjing Yunjin brocade weaving and Kunqu opera are preserved. The Confucius Temple area along the Qinhuai River is a famous cultural and commercial district. The city is also known for its culinary specialties, including Nanjing salted duck.

Government and politics

As a sub-provincial city, Nanjing holds a higher administrative status than a standard prefecture-level city. The city's governance is led by the Nanjing Municipal People's Government, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party's Nanjing Municipal Committee. The current CPC Secretary is Han Liming and the mayor is Chen Zhichang. The city is divided into 11 districts, including Xuanwu, Qinhuai District, and Jianye District. It hosts the provincial government of Jiangsu and various regional headquarters of national institutions like the People's Bank of China. The Nanjing Municipal People's Congress is the local state power organ.

Category:Populated places in Jiangsu Category:Capitals in China Category:Sub-provincial cities in China