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Mumbai

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Article Genealogy
Parent: India Hop 3
Expansion Funnel Raw 79 → Dedup 36 → NER 29 → Enqueued 29
1. Extracted79
2. After dedup36 (None)
3. After NER29 (None)
Rejected: 7 (not NE: 7)
4. Enqueued29 (None)
Mumbai
NameMumbai
Settlement typeMegacity
Coordinates19, 04, 33, N...
Subdivision typeCountry
Subdivision nameIndia
Subdivision type1State
Subdivision name1Maharashtra
Subdivision type2District
Subdivision name2Mumbai City and Mumbai Suburban district
Established titleSettled
Established date1507
FounderPortuguese Empire
Government typeMunicipal Corporation
Governing bodyBrihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
Leader titleMayor
Leader nameVacant
Leader title1Municipal Commissioner
Leader name1Bhushan Gagrani
Area total km2603
Elevation m14
Population total20,961,472
Population as of2011
Population density km2auto
Population metro24,400,000
TimezoneIST
Utc offset+5:30
Postal code typePIN
Postal code400 001 to 400 107
Area code+91-22
Registration plateMH-01 to MH-03
Websitehttps://portal.mcgm.gov.in/

Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay, is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial, commercial, and entertainment capital of India. It is the most populous city in India and forms the core of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. Located on the west coast of India, it has a deep natural harbour and is home to the Bollywood and Marathi cinema industries, alongside major financial institutions like the Bombay Stock Exchange and the Reserve Bank of India.

History

The city's history spans indigenous Koli people settlements, Portuguese colonial rule beginning in the 16th century, and its pivotal transfer to the British East India Company in 1661 as part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza. Under the British Raj, it grew into a major port and urban centre, becoming a key hub during the Indian independence movement, witnessing events like the Quit India Movement. Post-independence in 1947, it was incorporated into Bombay State before the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement led to the creation of Maharashtra in 1960, with the city as its capital. The city was officially renamed in 1995.

Geography and climate

The city is situated on Salsette Island, which it shares with the city of Thane, and is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west. Its coastline features several natural bays, including the famed Bombay Harbour and Back Bay. The city's terrain is mostly flat, with some hills in the northern suburbs, and includes lakes like Powai Lake and the Tulsi Lake. It experiences a tropical wet and dry climate, with a monsoon season from June to September influenced by the southwest Arabian Sea Branch, and is occasionally affected by cyclones like Cyclone Nisarga.

Demographics and culture

As India's most populous city, it is a melting pot of diverse communities including Marathis, Gujaratis, Parsis, and communities from across India. Major languages spoken include Marathi, Hindi, English, and Gujarati. The city is a cultural powerhouse, being the birthplace of Bollywood and a centre for Marathi theatre. It hosts major festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi and Diwali, and is renowned for its street food, vada pav, and architectural heritage ranging from Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai to Indo-Saracenic architecture.

Economy

It is the economic engine of India, contributing a significant portion to the nation's GDP and income tax revenue. The city houses the headquarters of major Indian financial institutions such as the Reserve Bank of India, the Bombay Stock Exchange, and the National Stock Exchange of India. Key industries include finance, entertainment through Bollywood, information technology, and manufacturing in sectors like textiles and automobiles. The Port of Mumbai is one of India's oldest and most important ports, handling a large volume of the country's maritime trade.

Government and politics

The city is administered by the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation, one of the world's largest municipal bodies. It is the capital of Maharashtra, housing the state's legislature at the Vidhan Bhavan and the official residence of the Chief Minister of Maharashtra at Varsha. The city is divided into two revenue districts, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district, and is a major political centre, represented by Members of Parliament in the Lok Sabha and influencing state politics through parties like the Shiv Sena and the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Infrastructure

The city's public transport is dominated by the suburban railway network operated by Western Railway and Central Railway, and the Mumbai Metro. The Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) runs the city's bus service. Key road links include the Eastern Freeway and the Bandra–Worli Sea Link. The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport is a major aviation hub. The city faces significant infrastructure challenges, including water supply from lakes like Vihar Lake and Tansa Lake, and managing dense population pressures.

Landmarks and tourism

Major historical and cultural landmarks include the Gateway of India, the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), and the Elephanta Caves. The city's coastline features popular beaches such as Juhu Beach and Marine Drive. Important religious sites include the Siddhivinayak Temple, Haji Ali Dargah, and the Mount Mary Church. The Sanjay Gandhi National Park offers a large green space within the city limits, and the Kala Ghoda area is a prominent arts district.

Category:Mumbai Category:Cities in Maharashtra Category:Megacities