Andhra Pradesh
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| Andhra Pradesh | |
|---|---|
 Nikhilb239 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · source | |
| Name | Andhra Pradesh |
| Settlement type | State |
| Coordinates | 16, 30, N, 80... |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | India |
| Established title | Formation |
| Established date | 1 November 1956 (as a state) |
| Seat type | Capital |
| Seat | Amaravati (de jure), Visakhapatnam (executive), Kurnool (judiciary) |
| Largest city | Visakhapatnam |
| Government type | State Government |
| Governing body | Andhra Pradesh Legislature |
| Leader title | Governor |
| Leader name | S. Abdul Nazeer |
| Leader title1 | Chief Minister |
| Leader name1 | N. Chandrababu Naidu |
| Leader title2 | Deputy Chief Minister |
| Leader name2 | Pawan Kalyan |
| Unit pref | Metric |
| Area total km2 | 162922 |
| Area rank | 7th |
| Population total | 49,577,103 |
| Population as of | 2011 |
| Population rank | 10th |
| Population density km2 | auto |
| Demographics type1 | Languages |
| Demographics1 title1 | Official |
| Demographics1 info1 | Telugu |
| Timezone1 | IST |
| Utc offset1 | +05:30 |
| Postal code type | PIN |
| Postal code | 50xxxx, 51xxxx, 52xxxx, 53xxxx |
| Area code type | Telephone code |
| Area code | +91 |
| Registration plate | AP |
| Iso code | IN-AP |
| Website | https://www.ap.gov.in/ |
Andhra Pradesh. A state in the southeastern coastal region of India, it is the seventh-largest state by area. It is bordered by Telangana to the northwest, Chhattisgarh to the north, Odisha to the northeast, Tamil Nadu to the south, Karnataka to the west, and the Bay of Bengal to the east. The state has a rich historical legacy, a diverse economy, and a vibrant cultural tradition centered on the Telugu language.
History
The region has a deep historical lineage, with early mentions in texts like the Aitareya Brahmana. It was part of the ancient Satavahana dynasty, which ruled from Amaravati and promoted Buddhism. Later, powerful empires like the Eastern Chalukyas, the Kakatiya dynasty, and the Vijayanagara Empire shaped its cultural and political landscape. In the medieval period, the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda and later the Nizam of Hyderabad held sway. After independence, the state was formed on a linguistic basis in 1956, merging the Telugu-speaking areas of the former Madras State with Andhra State. The Telangana movement led to the bifurcation of the state in 2014, creating the new state of Telangana.
Geography
The state features a varied topography, with a long coastline along the Bay of Bengal forming the Eastern Ghats. Major rivers include the Godavari, Krishna, and Penna, which support fertile delta regions like the Godavari Delta and Krishna Delta. The Rayalaseema region in the southwest is relatively arid. Key geographical features include the Nallamala Hills, the Sri Venkateswara National Park, and the Pulicat Lake bird sanctuary. The climate is predominantly tropical, with hot summers and significant rainfall during the Southwest monsoon.
Government and politics
The state operates under a Parliamentary system as part of the Republic of India. The Government of Andhra Pradesh is headed by the Chief Minister and is seated across three capital cities: Amaravati, Visakhapatnam, and Kurnool. The state's legislature is bicameral, consisting of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council. Major political parties include the Telugu Desam Party, the YSR Congress Party, and the Indian National Congress. The state's politics have been dominated by figures like N. T. Rama Rao, Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, and N. Chandrababu Naidu.
Economy
The economy is diversified, with a significant contribution from agriculture, particularly in the cultivation of rice, chili, and sugarcane in the river deltas. The state is a major producer of aquaculture and shrimp. Key industrial and service sectors are concentrated around cities like Visakhapatnam, which houses the Visakhapatnam Port and major industries like Hindustan Shipyard and Steel Authority of India Limited. Other important economic hubs include Tirupati, a major pilgrimage center, and Kakinada, known for its petrochemical and SEZ developments. The Information technology sector is growing in Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam.
Demographics
As per the 2011 Census of India, the state had a population of over 49 million. The majority of the population speaks Telugu, the official state language, with significant linguistic minorities speaking Urdu, Hindi, and Tamil. The predominant religion is Hinduism, with notable communities of Muslims and Christians. The state has a rich tradition of education, hosting several prominent institutions like the Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, the Indian Institute of Management Visakhapatnam, and the Sri Venkateswara University.
Culture
The state possesses a distinct cultural identity, often referred to as the "Koh-i-Noor of India." It is renowned as the birthplace of Kuchipudi, a classical Indian dance form. The Tirumala Venkateswara Temple in Tirupati is one of the world's richest and most-visited Hindu temples. The state's literary heritage is profound, with celebrated figures like the poet Sri Sri and the composer Tyagaraja. Major festivals include Ugadi, Sankranti, and the Visakha Utsav. The state's cuisine is famous for its spicy flavors, featuring dishes like Gongura and biryani, and its film industry, Tollywood, is a major center for Telugu cinema.