Surabaya

Surabaya
consigliere ivan · CC BY 2.0 · source
Name	Surabaya
Nickname	City of Heroes
Settlement type	City
Coordinates	7.25°S 112.75°E
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	Indonesia
Subdivision type1	Province
Subdivision name1	East Java
Leader title	Mayor
Leader name	Eri Cahyadi
Area total km2	374.78
Population total	3,114,700
Population as of	2021
Population density km2	8,300
Timezone	Western Indonesian Time
Utc offset	+7

Surabaya

Surabaya is the second-largest city in Indonesia and a major urban center in Southeast Asia. As a key location in the Dutch colonization of the region, Surabaya played a significant role in the country's history, economy, and culture. The city's strategic position on the northern coast of Java made it an important hub for trade and commerce, attracting the attention of the Dutch East India Company and later the Netherlands colonial government. Today, Surabaya is a thriving metropolis with a rich cultural heritage, reflecting the blend of Indonesian, Dutch, and other international influences.

● Introduction to

Surabaya Surabaya is a city located on the northeastern coast of Java, Indonesia, and is the capital of East Java province. The city has a long history dating back to the Majapahit kingdom in the 13th century and has been an important center for trade and commerce in the region. Surabaya is situated on the Surabaya River and has a population of over 3 million people, making it one of the largest cities in Indonesia. The city is known for its rich cultural heritage, including its historic Surabaya Zoo, Masjid Al-Akbar Surabaya mosque, and the House of Sampoerna museum, which showcases the city's history and tobacco industry. Surabaya is also home to several major universities, including Airlangga University and Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology.

● History

Under Dutch Colonization The history of Surabaya under Dutch colonization began in the 17th century, when the Dutch East India Company established a trading post in the city. The company's influence grew over time, and in 1743, the Dutch colonial government took control of Surabaya from the Mataram Sultanate. During the colonial period, Surabaya became a major center for the production and export of sugar, tobacco, and other crops, with the Dutch colonial government investing heavily in the city's infrastructure, including the construction of roads, railways, and ports. The city's economy grew rapidly, and Surabaya became one of the wealthiest cities in the Dutch East Indies. The city was also an important center for education and culture, with the establishment of several schools, including the Technische Hogeschool (now the Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology), and the Surabaya Zoo, which was founded in 1916. Notable figures such as Herman Willem Daendels and Jan Pieterszoon Coen played significant roles in shaping the city's history during this period.

● Economic Development

During the Colonial Era During the colonial era, Surabaya's economy experienced rapid growth, driven by the production and export of agricultural products such as sugar, tobacco, and coffee. The city became a major center for trade and commerce, with the Port of Tanjung Perak serving as a key hub for the export of goods to Europe and other parts of Asia. The Dutch colonial government invested heavily in the city's infrastructure, including the construction of roads, railways, and bridges, which facilitated the transportation of goods and people. The city's economy was also driven by the growth of industry, including the establishment of textile mills, sugar refineries, and other manufacturing facilities. Companies such as the Nederlandse Handel-Maatschappij and the De Javasche Bank played important roles in the city's economic development during this period. The city's economic growth was also driven by the presence of foreign investors, including those from China, India, and Europe.

● Cultural Legacy of Dutch Influence

The cultural legacy of Dutch influence in Surabaya is still evident today, with many examples of Dutch colonial architecture remaining in the city. The city's historic center features many buildings from the colonial era, including the Gereja Katolik Kelahiran Santa Perawan Maria church and the Kantor Gubernur Jawa Timur government building. The city is also home to several museums, including the House of Sampoerna museum, which showcases the city's history and tobacco industry, and the Museum Surabaya, which features exhibits on the city's history and culture. The city's cultural scene is also influenced by its Chinese and Arab communities, with many examples of Chinese temples and mosques throughout the city. Notable cultural figures such as Wage Rudolf Supratman and Mohammad Husni Thamrin have contributed to the city's rich cultural heritage.

● Role

in the Indonesian National Revolution Surabaya played a significant role in the Indonesian National Revolution, with the city serving as a key location for the Indonesian nationalist movement. The city was the site of the Battle of Surabaya in 1945, which was a major conflict between Indonesian nationalist forces and the British and Dutch colonial armies. The battle was a turning point in the revolution, with the Indonesian nationalist forces ultimately emerging victorious. The city was also an important center for the Indonesian Communist Party and other leftist organizations, with figures such as D.N. Aidit and M.H. Lukman playing key roles in the city's political landscape. The city's role in the revolution is commemorated by the Monumen Kapal Selam monument, which features a Soviet-made submarine that was used by the Indonesian nationalist forces during the conflict.

● Infrastructure and Urban Planning

Surabaya's infrastructure and urban planning have undergone significant development in recent years, with the city investing heavily in the construction of new roads, highways, and public transportation systems. The city is served by the Juanda International Airport, which is one of the busiest airports in Indonesia. The city is also home to the Port of Tanjung Perak, which is one of the largest ports in Indonesia and a key hub for trade and commerce in the region. The city's urban planning is focused on creating a more sustainable and livable city, with initiatives such as the Surabaya Green City program aimed at reducing the city's carbon footprint and improving its environmental sustainability. Companies such as PT Adhi Karya and PT Waskita Karya have played important roles in the city's infrastructure development.

● Surabaya

in the Post-Colonial Period In the post-colonial period, Surabaya has continued to grow and develop as a major urban center in Indonesia. The city has become a hub for industry, trade, and commerce, with a diverse economy that includes manufacturing, services, and agriculture. The city is home to several major universities, including Airlangga University and Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, and is a center for research and innovation in fields such as technology, medicine, and environmental science. The city's cultural scene is also thriving, with a rich heritage of music, dance, and art that reflects the city's diverse cultural influences. Notable figures such as Abdul Wahab Hasbullah and Anies Baswedan have contributed to the city's development and growth in the post-colonial period. Surabaya continues to play an important role in the economic and cultural development of Indonesia, and is a city that is proud of its rich history and heritage. Category:Cities in Indonesia Category:Colonial history of Indonesia Category:Dutch East Indies Category:Surabaya