United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit is one of the thirteen United States Courts of Appeals, with Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse as its seat, and has John F. Kennedy International Airport, LaGuardia Airport, and Newark Liberty International Airport nearby. The court is located in New York City, near Columbia University, New York University, and Fordham University School of Law. It hears appeals from the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut, United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, United States District Court for the Northern District of New York, and United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, as well as from the United States District Court for the Western District of New York and United States District Court for the District of Vermont. The court's jurisdiction also includes appeals from United States Court of International Trade and United States Tax Court cases, as well as Federal Communications Commission and Securities and Exchange Commission decisions.

History

The court was established on June 16, 1891, with the enactment of the Judiciary Act of 1891, also known as the Evarts Act, which was sponsored by William M. Evarts and signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison. The court's first judges included William James Wallace, Emile Henry Lacombe, and Lafayette Bliss, who were appointed by President Grover Cleveland. The court's early history was marked by significant cases, including Swift & Co. v. United States, which was decided by the Supreme Court of the United States and involved Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. and Louis Brandeis. The court has also been influenced by notable judges, such as Learned Hand, Augustus Noble Hand, and Harrie B. Chase, who served on the court during the New Deal era and heard cases related to National Industrial Recovery Act and National Labor Relations Act.

Jurisdiction

The court's jurisdiction includes the states of New York, Connecticut, and Vermont, as well as the Borough of Manhattan and Borough of Brooklyn in New York City. The court also has jurisdiction over appeals from the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey in certain cases, as well as from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and New York Stock Exchange. The court's jurisdiction is defined by Title 28 of the United States Code and includes cases related to federal law, constitutional law, and treaties of the United States, such as the Treaty of Paris and Geneva Conventions. The court has also heard cases related to United Nations and International Monetary Fund decisions, as well as appeals from the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

Current composition of the court

The court currently has 13 active judges, including Robert A. Katzmann, Debra Ann Livingston, and Denny Chin, who were appointed by President Bill Clinton, President George W. Bush, and President Barack Obama, respectively. The court also has several senior judges, including John M. Walker Jr., Jose A. Cabranes, and Peter W. Hall, who have heard cases related to USA PATRIOT Act and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. The court's judges have also included notable figures, such as Constance Baker Motley, Amalya Lyle Kearse, and Sonia Sotomayor, who have served on the court and heard cases related to Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

Notable cases

The court has heard many significant cases, including United States v. Nixon, which involved Richard Nixon and Watergate scandal, as well as Roe v. Wade, which was decided by the Supreme Court of the United States and involved Harry Blackmun and William Rehnquist. The court has also heard cases related to September 11 attacks, such as In re Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001, and cases related to Financial crisis of 2007-2008, such as Securities and Exchange Commission v. Goldman Sachs. The court has also decided cases related to same-sex marriage, such as United States v. Windsor, which was decided by the Supreme Court of the United States and involved Anthony Kennedy and Ruth Bader Ginsburg.

Courthouse

The court is located in the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, which is named after Thurgood Marshall and is located in Manhattan. The courthouse is near New York City Hall, Federal Hall, and One World Trade Center, and is accessible by New York City Subway and Metro-North Railroad. The courthouse has also been the site of notable events, including the Nuremberg trials and Tokyo war crimes tribunal, which were held in the aftermath of World War II and involved Robert H. Jackson and Joseph B. Keenan.

List of former judges

The court has had many notable former judges, including Learned Hand, Augustus Noble Hand, and Harrie B. Chase, who served on the court during the New Deal era and heard cases related to National Industrial Recovery Act and National Labor Relations Act. The court has also had former judges who have gone on to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States, including Thurgood Marshall and Sonia Sotomayor, who were appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson and President Barack Obama, respectively. Other notable former judges include Constance Baker Motley, Amalya Lyle Kearse, and John M. Walker Jr., who have heard cases related to Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The court's former judges have also included Jose A. Cabranes, Peter W. Hall, and Robert A. Katzmann, who have served on the court and heard cases related to USA PATRIOT Act and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act.

Category:United States Courts of Appeals