TPP — LLMpedia

TPP
Name	Trans-Pacific Partnership
Type	Trade agreement
Date	February 4, 2016
Location	Auckland, New Zealand
Effective	December 30, 2018
Parties	Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam

Contents

TPP. The Trans-Pacific Partnership is a comprehensive trade agreement between Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam. This agreement aims to reduce trade barriers and establish common standards for trade among its member countries, including United States, which initially led the negotiations under the Barack Obama administration, in collaboration with International Trade Centre, World Trade Organization, and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. The TPP has been compared to other trade agreements, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement and the European Union's General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, in terms of its potential impact on global trade, as discussed by Joseph Stiglitz, Paul Krugman, and Jeffrey Sachs.

Introduction to TPP

The Trans-Pacific Partnership is a trade agreement that aims to promote economic growth, job creation, and innovation among its member countries, including Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam. The agreement covers a wide range of areas, including tariffs, non-tariff barriers, intellectual property rights, and dispute settlement, as outlined by World Intellectual Property Organization, World Customs Organization, and International Chamber of Commerce. The TPP has been supported by various organizations, such as the US Chamber of Commerce, National Association of Manufacturers, and Business Roundtable, which have argued that it will increase trade and investment opportunities, as discussed by Thomas Friedman, Fareed Zakaria, and Niall Ferguson. However, the agreement has also faced criticism from some groups, including AFL-CIO, Sierra Club, and Public Citizen, which have raised concerns about its potential impact on environmental protection, labor rights, and public health, as highlighted by Naomi Klein, Joseph E. Stiglitz, and Paul Krugman.

The Trans-Pacific Partnership was first proposed in 2005 by Singapore, Chile, New Zealand, and Brunei, as a way to promote economic integration and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, with the support of Asian Development Bank, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund. The negotiations for the agreement began in 2008, with the participation of Australia, United States, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Peru, under the leadership of Barack Obama and Hilary Clinton, in collaboration with US Trade Representative, European Commission, and WTO Director-General. The negotiations were completed in 2015, and the agreement was signed on February 4, 2016, in Auckland, New Zealand, with the presence of John Key, Shinzo Abe, and Justin Trudeau. However, the agreement faced significant opposition in the United States, particularly from Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, and Donald Trump, who argued that it would lead to job losses and undermine US sovereignty, as discussed by Noam Chomsky, Robert Reich, and Joseph Stiglitz.

The Trans-Pacific Partnership is expected to have a significant impact on the economies of its member countries, including Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam. The agreement is expected to increase trade and investment opportunities, particularly in the areas of agriculture, manufacturing, and services, as outlined by World Trade Organization, International Trade Centre, and OECD. The TPP is also expected to promote economic growth and job creation, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, as discussed by Jim O'Neill, Nouriel Roubini, and Mohamed El-Erian. However, some critics have argued that the agreement will lead to job losses and undermine labor rights, particularly in the United States, as highlighted by Naomi Klein, Joseph E. Stiglitz, and Paul Krugman, with the support of AFL-CIO, Sierra Club, and Public Citizen.

The Trans-Pacific Partnership involves 11 countries, including Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam. These countries have a combined population of over 800 million people and account for more than 40% of global trade, as reported by World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and World Trade Organization. The agreement has been supported by various leaders, including Justin Trudeau, Shinzo Abe, and Jacinda Ardern, who have argued that it will promote economic growth and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, as discussed by Thomas Friedman, Fareed Zakaria, and Niall Ferguson. However, some countries, including China, have not joined the agreement, and have instead pursued their own trade agreements, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, with the support of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, New Development Bank, and Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

The Trans-Pacific Partnership has faced significant criticism and controversy, particularly in the United States, where it was opposed by Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, and Donald Trump. Some of the criticisms of the agreement include its potential impact on labor rights, environmental protection, and public health, as highlighted by Naomi Klein, Joseph E. Stiglitz, and Paul Krugman, with the support of AFL-CIO, Sierra Club, and Public Citizen. The agreement has also been criticized for its intellectual property provisions, which some argue will undermine access to medicines and freedom of expression, as discussed by Lawrence Lessig, Cory Doctorow, and Richard Stallman. Additionally, the agreement has been criticized for its dispute settlement provisions, which some argue will give too much power to corporations and undermine national sovereignty, as argued by Noam Chomsky, Robert Reich, and Joseph Stiglitz.

The negotiations for the Trans-Pacific Partnership were completed in 2015, and the agreement was signed on February 4, 2016, in Auckland, New Zealand. The agreement was negotiated by Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam, with the support of US Trade Representative, European Commission, and WTO Director-General. The agreement has been ratified by several countries, including Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, but its implementation has been delayed due to opposition in the United States, as discussed by Thomas Friedman, Fareed Zakaria, and Niall Ferguson. The agreement has also been supported by various organizations, such as the US Chamber of Commerce, National Association of Manufacturers, and Business Roundtable, which have argued that it will increase trade and investment opportunities, as highlighted by Jim O'Neill, Nouriel Roubini, and Mohamed El-Erian.