Second Italo-Abyssinian War

Second Italo-Abyssinian War
source
Conflict	Second Italo-Abyssinian War
Part of	Scramble for Africa, Interwar period
Date	1935-1936
Place	Ethiopia
Result	Italian Empire victory

Contents

● Introduction
● Causes of
● Military Campaign
● International Response
● Aftermath and Consequences
● Treaty of Addis Ababa

Second Italo-Abyssinian War. The conflict involved Italy, led by Benito Mussolini, and Ethiopia, led by Haile Selassie, and was a major event in the lead-up to World War II. The war was characterized by the use of chemical weapons and aerial bombing by the Regia Aeronautica, and the eventual occupation of Addis Ababa by Italian forces. The League of Nations, established after World War I, failed to prevent the conflict, despite the efforts of Anthony Eden and Robert Cecil.

● Introduction

The Second Italo-Abyssinian War was a colonial conflict that began in 1935, when Italy invaded Ethiopia, which was the last independent state in Africa. The war was sparked by a dispute over the Ogaden region, which was claimed by both Italy and Ethiopia. The conflict involved several key figures, including Benito Mussolini, Haile Selassie, and Pietro Badoglio, and was marked by the use of tanks, aircraft, and poison gas by the Italian military. The United Kingdom, led by Neville Chamberlain, and France, led by Édouard Daladier, attempted to negotiate a peaceful resolution to the conflict, but were ultimately unsuccessful.

● Causes of

the War The causes of the war were complex and multifaceted, involving a range of factors, including Italian colonialism, Ethiopian nationalism, and the Stresa Front. The Treaty of Wuchale, signed in 1889, had established Italy as a protectorate over Ethiopia, but the Ethiopians had never recognized the treaty, and had instead maintained their independence. The Italian government, led by Benito Mussolini, sought to expand its colonial empire in Africa, and saw Ethiopia as a key target. The Ethiopian government, led by Haile Selassie, was determined to maintain its independence, and sought support from the League of Nations and other international organizations, including the British Empire and the French Third Republic.

● Military Campaign

The military campaign was marked by a series of battles, including the Battle of Tembien, the Battle of Amba Aradam, and the Battle of Maychew. The Italian military, led by Pietro Badoglio, used a range of tactics, including aerial bombing and chemical warfare, to defeat the Ethiopian army. The Ethiopian military, led by Haile Selassie and Ras Imru Haile Selassie, fought bravely, but were ultimately unable to withstand the Italian onslaught. The British Royal Navy and the French Navy played a significant role in the conflict, with the Battle of the Red Sea being a notable example. Other notable figures involved in the conflict included Vittorio Emanuele III, Galeazzo Ciano, and Italo Gariboldi.

● International Response

The international response to the conflict was significant, with the League of Nations imposing economic sanctions on Italy in an attempt to halt the invasion. The United States, led by Franklin D. Roosevelt, also imposed sanctions on Italy, and provided support to Ethiopia. The Soviet Union, led by Joseph Stalin, provided military aid to Ethiopia, and the German Reich, led by Adolf Hitler, provided support to Italy. The Vatican City, led by Pope Pius XI, also played a significant role in the conflict, with the Catholic Church providing humanitarian aid to Ethiopia. Other notable international organizations involved in the conflict included the International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Labour Organization.

● Aftermath and Consequences

The aftermath of the war was marked by the occupation of Ethiopia by Italy, and the establishment of Italian East Africa. The Italian government, led by Benito Mussolini, attempted to modernize Ethiopia, but the occupation was marked by human rights abuses and economic exploitation. The Ethiopian people, led by Haile Selassie, continued to resist the Italian occupation, and the conflict ultimately contributed to the outbreak of World War II. The war also had significant consequences for the League of Nations, which was widely criticized for its failure to prevent the conflict. The United Nations was established after World War II, in part as a response to the failures of the League of Nations. Other notable consequences of the war included the Italian invasion of Albania and the Spanish Civil War.

● Treaty of Addis Ababa

The Treaty of Addis Ababa was signed in 1936, and marked the official end of the conflict. The treaty established Italian East Africa as a federation of Italian colonies, including Eritrea, Somalia, and Ethiopia. The treaty also provided for the Italian occupation of Ethiopia to continue for a period of five years, after which Ethiopia would be granted independence. However, the treaty was never fully implemented, and Ethiopia remained under Italian occupation until the end of World War II. The Treaty of Addis Ababa was widely criticized as a betrayal of Ethiopia, and marked the beginning of a long period of Italian colonial rule in Africa. The treaty was also notable for the involvement of other international organizations, including the International Court of Justice and the Permanent Court of International Justice. Category:Conflicts in 1935

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