Salvadoran Army
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| Salvadoran Army | |
|---|---|
| Unit name | Salvadoran Army |
| Country | El Salvador |
| Allegiance | Constitution of El Salvador |
| Engagements | Salvadoran Civil War, Football War |
Salvadoran Army is the land force of El Salvador's military, with its origins dating back to the country's independence from Spain in 1821, led by figures such as José Matías Delgado and Manuel José Arce. The army has played a significant role in the country's history, including its involvement in the Salvadoran Civil War against the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), supported by Cuba and the Soviet Union. The army has also been involved in international missions, such as the United Nations Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), alongside troops from Brazil, Argentina, and Chile. Key figures like Fidel Sánchez Hernández and Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez have led the army during critical periods, including the Football War with Honduras.
● History
The history of the Salvadoran Army is closely tied to the country's struggle for independence, led by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and José María Morelos. After independence, the army was involved in several conflicts, including the Central American Civil War and the Salvadoran-Honduran War, which was sparked by a dispute over a FIFA World Cup qualifying match. The army also played a key role in the Salvadoran Civil War, which lasted from 1979 to 1992, and was supported by the United States, Israel, and Argentina. Key events, such as the El Mozote massacre and the Río Lempa massacre, were perpetrated by the army during this period, with the support of Álvaro Magaña and Eugenio Vélez. The army has also been involved in international missions, such as the Multinational Force in Iraq (MNF-I), alongside troops from the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.
● Organization
The Salvadoran Army is organized into several branches, including the Infantry, Artillery, and Engineers, with the support of the United States Army and the Israeli Defense Forces. The army is also divided into several units, including the 1st Infantry Brigade, the 2nd Infantry Brigade, and the Special Forces, which have received training from France and Spain. The army is headquartered in San Salvador, with bases in Santa Ana, San Miguel, and Sonsonate, and has received support from Taiwan and South Korea. The army is led by the Minister of National Defense, who is appointed by the President of El Salvador, and has worked closely with NATO and the Organization of American States.
● Equipment
The Salvadoran Army is equipped with a variety of weapons and vehicles, including M16 rifles, M4 carbines, and AK-47s, which have been supplied by the United States, Israel, and China. The army also operates M113 armored personnel carriers, Humvees, and UH-1H helicopters, which have been provided by Canada and Germany. The army has also received equipment from Russia, including T-55 tanks and BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicles, and has worked with Brazil to develop its Astros II multiple rocket launcher system. The army's equipment has been used in various operations, including the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), alongside troops from France and Italy.
● Ranks
The Salvadoran Army uses a ranking system similar to that of the United States Army, with ranks ranging from Private to General, and has been influenced by the ranking systems of Mexico and Colombia. The army's ranks are divided into several categories, including Enlisted ranks, Warrant officers, and Officers, with the support of the United States Military Academy and the Royal Military College of Canada. The army's highest rank is General de División, which is equivalent to a Four-star general in the United States Army, and has been held by notable figures such as Fidel Sánchez Hernández and Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez.
● Operations
The Salvadoran Army has been involved in several operations, including the Salvadoran Civil War and the Football War with Honduras, with the support of Argentina and Chile. The army has also participated in international missions, such as the United Nations Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), alongside troops from Brazil and Uruguay. The army has also been involved in counter-narcotics operations, working with the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Mexican Army, and has received support from Colombia and Panama. The army's operations have been supported by the United States Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) and the Inter-American Defense Board (IADB), and have included notable events such as the El Salvador earthquake and the Hurricane Mitch disaster response.