Republic of Hawaii

Republic of Hawaii
FOTW, Clay Moss (PNG), Government of the Republic of Hawaii · Public domain · source
Native name	Lepupalika o Hawaiʻi
Conventional long name	Republic of Hawaii
Common name	Hawaii
Continent	North America
Region	Pacific Ocean
Capital	Honolulu
Largest city	Honolulu
Government type	Republic
Leader1	Sanford Dole
Year start	1894
Year end	1898

Republic of Hawaii. The Republic of Hawaii was a short-lived sovereign state that existed from 1894 to 1898, with Honolulu as its capital, and was recognized by the international community, including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan. The republic was established after the Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893, led by Sanford Dole, Lorrin Thurston, and other American and European businessmen, with the support of the United States Minister to Hawaii, John L. Stevens, and the United States Pacific Fleet. The new government was recognized by the United States, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Brazil, China, Denmark, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Russia, Spain, and Sweden.

● History

The history of the Republic of Hawaii is closely tied to the Kingdom of Hawaii, which was established in 1795 by Kamehameha I. The kingdom was a major player in the Pacific Ocean and had diplomatic relations with the United States, United Kingdom, France, and other countries. However, in the late 19th century, American and European businessmen, including Claus Spreckels and Henry Baldwin, began to exert significant influence over the kingdom, leading to the Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893, supported by the United States Marine Corps and the United States Navy. The new government was established with the help of John L. Stevens, the United States Minister to Hawaii, and was recognized by the international community, including the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. The republic was also recognized by the Pope, the Holy See, and the Catholic Church.

● Government

The government of the Republic of Hawaii was a republican form of government, with a president and a legislature. The first president of the republic was Sanford Dole, who served from 1894 to 1898, and was supported by the Hawaiian League, a group of American and European businessmen. The legislature was composed of a House of Representatives and a Senate, with members elected by the people of Hawaii, including Native Hawaiians, Americans, and Europeans. The government was also advised by the Supreme Court of Hawaii, which was composed of judges appointed by the president, including Albert Francis Judd and Edward Preston. The republic also had diplomatic relations with the United States Department of State, the British Foreign Office, and the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

● Economy

The economy of the Republic of Hawaii was primarily based on sugar production, with the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association playing a major role in the industry, and was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture and the United States Department of Commerce. The republic also had a significant tourism industry, with visitors from the United States, Europe, and Japan attracted to the islands' natural beauty, including Waikiki Beach and Haleakala National Park. The republic also had a growing agriculture industry, with crops such as pineapple and coffee being exported to the United States, Canada, and Australia. The economy was also supported by the Bank of Hawaii, the First Hawaiian Bank, and the Hawaiian Trust Company.

● Establishment

The establishment of the Republic of Hawaii was the result of a long process of American and European influence in the Kingdom of Hawaii, supported by the United States Congress, the United States Senate, and the United States House of Representatives. In 1893, a group of American and European businessmen, including Lorrin Thurston and William R. Castle, overthrew the Kingdom of Hawaii and established a provisional government, recognized by the United States Department of State and the British Foreign Office. The provisional government was led by Sanford Dole, who later became the first president of the Republic of Hawaii, and was supported by the Hawaiian League and the Annexation Club. The republic was officially established on July 4, 1894, with the adoption of a constitution, modeled after the United States Constitution and the French Constitution.

● Overthrow and Annexation

The Republic of Hawaii was overthrown in 1898, when the United States annexed the islands through a joint resolution of the United States Congress, supported by the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. The annexation was opposed by the Queen of Hawaii, Liliuokalani, and many Native Hawaiians, who had been seeking to restore the Kingdom of Hawaii, with the support of the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. The annexation was also opposed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Pope. The annexation was finalized on August 12, 1898, when the United States and the Republic of Hawaii signed the Newlands Resolution, which established the Territory of Hawaii, and was recognized by the international community, including the League of Nations and the United Nations. The annexation had significant implications for the Native Hawaiian people, including the loss of their sovereignty and the suppression of their culture, and was supported by the United States Department of the Interior and the United States Department of War. Category:Former countries in North America