Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii

Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. The overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii was a pivotal event in the history of Hawaii, involving the United States, King Kalākaua, and Queen Liliuokalani. This event was influenced by the actions of American businessmen, such as Lorrin Thurston and Sanford Dole, who were backed by the United States military, including John L. Stevens, the United States Minister to Hawaii. The overthrow was also supported by the Aloha Aina Party and opposed by the Hui Kalaiʻāina and Hui Aloha ʻĀina.

Background to the Overthrow

The background to the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii is complex, involving the interactions of King Kamehameha V, King Kalākaua, and Queen Liliuokalani with American businessmen, such as Lorrin Thurston and Sanford Dole, and the United States government, including President Benjamin Harrison and John L. Stevens, the United States Minister to Hawaii. The Bayonet Constitution, imposed on King Kalākaua in 1887, limited the power of the monarchy and gave more control to American businessmen and the United States. This led to increased tensions between the Kingdom of Hawaii and the United States, involving figures such as Robert Wilcox and Queen Liliuokalani. The Hui Kalaiʻāina and Hui Aloha ʻĀina opposed the overthrow, while the Aloha Aina Party supported it, with key figures including Joseph Nawahi and Robert Kalanihiapo Wilcox.

Events Leading to the Overthrow

The events leading to the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii involved the United States military, including John L. Stevens and the USS Boston, and the actions of American businessmen, such as Lorrin Thurston and Sanford Dole. The Committee of Safety, formed by Lorrin Thurston and Sanford Dole, played a key role in the overthrow, with support from the United States Minister to Hawaii, John L. Stevens. The Queen Liliuokalani attempted to promulgate a new constitution, which led to the formation of the Committee of Safety and ultimately the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Key figures involved in these events included Robert Wilcox, Joseph Nawahi, and Robert Kalanihiapo Wilcox, who were influenced by the Bayonet Constitution and the actions of King Kalākaua and Queen Liliuokalani.

The Overthrow of the Kingdom

The overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii occurred on January 17, 1893, with the United States military, including the USS Boston, providing support to the Committee of Safety. The Queen Liliuokalani was forced to abdicate, and a provisional government was established, led by Sanford Dole and Lorrin Thurston. The overthrow was influenced by the actions of American businessmen, such as Lorrin Thurston and Sanford Dole, and the United States government, including President Benjamin Harrison and John L. Stevens. Key figures involved in the overthrow included Robert Wilcox, Joseph Nawahi, and Robert Kalanihiapo Wilcox, who were influenced by the Bayonet Constitution and the actions of King Kalākaua and Queen Liliuokalani. The Hui Kalaiʻāina and Hui Aloha ʻĀina opposed the overthrow, while the Aloha Aina Party supported it.

Provisional Government and Annexation

The Provisional Government of Hawaii, established after the overthrow, was led by Sanford Dole and Lorrin Thurston. The provisional government sought to annex the Kingdom of Hawaii to the United States, with support from the United States government, including President Benjamin Harrison and John L. Stevens. The Newlands Resolution, passed by the United States Congress in 1898, annexed the Kingdom of Hawaii to the United States. The Queen Liliuokalani and the Hui Kalaiʻāina and Hui Aloha ʻĀina opposed the annexation, while the Aloha Aina Party supported it, with key figures including Joseph Nawahi and Robert Kalanihiapo Wilcox. The annexation was influenced by the actions of American businessmen, such as Lorrin Thurston and Sanford Dole, and the United States military, including John L. Stevens and the USS Boston.

Aftermath and Legacy

The aftermath of the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii involved the establishment of the Territory of Hawaii in 1900, with Sanford Dole as its first Governor of Hawaii. The Queen Liliuokalani and the Hui Kalaiʻāina and Hui Aloha ʻĀina continued to oppose the annexation, with key figures including Joseph Nawahi and Robert Kalanihiapo Wilcox. The legacy of the overthrow is still debated today, with some viewing it as a coup d'état and others as a necessary step towards statehood. The Apology Resolution, passed by the United States Congress in 1993, acknowledged the wrongdoing of the United States in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. The Kingdom of Hawaii's history and culture continue to be celebrated, with key figures including King Kamehameha V, King Kalākaua, and Queen Liliuokalani, and events such as the Battle of Nuuanu and the Wilcox Rebellion of 1889. The Hawaii State Legislature and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs continue to work towards sovereignty and self-governance for the Native Hawaiian people, with support from organizations such as the Hui Kalaiʻāina and Hui Aloha ʻĀina.

Category:History of Hawaii