Lombard Kingdom

Lombard Kingdom
Wario2 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · source
Native name	Regnum Langobardorum
Conventional long name	Lombard Kingdom
Continent	Europe
Region	Italy
Era	Middle Ages
Status	Kingdom
Government type	Monarchy
Year start	568
Year end	774
Event start	Establishment
Event end	Conquest by Charlemagne
P1	Western Roman Empire
P2	Byzantine Empire
S1	Kingdom of Italy
S2	Duchy of Benevento
S3	Duchy of Spoleto
Image map caption	Map of the Lombard Kingdom in 750

Lombard Kingdom. The Lombard Kingdom was a medieval state established by the Lombards, a Germanic tribe, in Italy after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire. The kingdom was founded by Alboin, who led the Lombards into Italy in 568, and was later expanded by Authari and Agilulf. The Lombard Kingdom played a significant role in shaping the history of Italy, particularly during the reign of Liutprand, who ruled from 712 to 744 and expanded the kingdom's borders through conquests of Ravenna, Pentapolis, and Duchy of Spoleto.

Introduction

The Lombard Kingdom was a major power in Europe during the Middle Ages, with its capital in Pavia. The kingdom was established after the Lombards defeated the Byzantine Empire in the Battle of Ad Decimum and the Battle of Taginae. The Lombards were a Germanic tribe that originated from Scandinavia and migrated to Europe during the Migration Period. They were influenced by the Arianism of Ulfilas and the Catholic Church of Pope Gregory I. The Lombard Kingdom was also influenced by the Frankish Kingdom of Childebert I and the Byzantine Empire of Justinian I.

History

The Lombard Kingdom was founded in 568 by Alboin, who led the Lombards into Italy and established the kingdom's capital in Pavia. The kingdom was expanded by Authari and Agilulf, who conquered Tuscany, Umbria, and Campania. The Lombard Kingdom was also involved in the Byzantine-Persian Wars and the Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628. The kingdom was later divided into several duchies, including the Duchy of Benevento, the Duchy of Spoleto, and the Duchy of Trent. The Lombard Kingdom was also influenced by the Papal States of Pope Stephen II and the Frankish Kingdom of Pepin the Short. The kingdom was eventually conquered by Charlemagne in 774, who established the Kingdom of Italy.

Geography_and_Politics

The Lombard Kingdom was located in Italy and covered a significant portion of the Italian Peninsula. The kingdom's geography was characterized by the Apennine Mountains, the Po Valley, and the Adriatic Sea. The kingdom's politics were influenced by the Lombard Law and the Edict of Rothari. The kingdom was divided into several duchies, each governed by a Duke. The kingdom was also influenced by the Byzantine Empire and the Papal States. The Lombard Kingdom had significant trade and cultural exchange with the Byzantine Empire of Constantinople, the Frankish Kingdom of Aachen, and the Republic of Venice. The kingdom was also involved in the Council of Aquileia and the Council of Pavia.

Society_and_Culture

The Lombard Kingdom was characterized by a unique Lombard culture that was influenced by the Germanic tribes and the Roman Empire. The kingdom's society was divided into several classes, including the Lombard nobility, the clergy, and the peasants. The kingdom's culture was influenced by the Catholic Church of Pope Gregory I and the Arianism of Ulfilas. The Lombard Kingdom was also known for its Lombard art and Lombard architecture, which was characterized by the use of stone and brick. The kingdom was also influenced by the Byzantine art of Constantinople and the Carolingian art of Aachen. The Lombard Kingdom had significant cultural exchange with the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths of Theodoric the Great, the Kingdom of the Visigoths of Leovigild, and the Merovingian dynasty of Clovis I.

Decline_and_Legacy

The Lombard Kingdom declined in the 8th century due to internal conflicts and external pressures from the Frankish Kingdom and the Byzantine Empire. The kingdom was eventually conquered by Charlemagne in 774, who established the Kingdom of Italy. The Lombard Kingdom had a significant legacy in Italy and Europe, particularly in the development of the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy Roman Empire. The kingdom's culture and society were also influential in the development of the Renaissance and the Baroque period. The Lombard Kingdom is remembered for its unique Lombard culture and its significant contributions to the history of Italy and Europe, including the Battle of Legnano and the Treaty of Verdun. The kingdom's legacy can be seen in the Cathedral of Monza, the Basilica of San Salvatore, and the Castle of Pavia. The Lombard Kingdom is also remembered for its famous rulers, including Liutprand, Ratchis, and Desiderius, who played significant roles in shaping the kingdom's history and legacy. Category:Medieval kingdoms