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Illinois House of Representatives

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Illinois House of Representatives
NameIllinois House of Representatives
LegislatureIllinois General Assembly
House typeLower house
BodyIllinois General Assembly
Term limitsNone
New sessionJanuary 11, 2023
Leader1 typeSpeaker
Leader1Emanuel Chris Welch
Party1(Democratic)
Election1January 13, 2021
Leader2 typeSpeaker pro tempore
Leader2Jehan Gordon-Booth
Party2(Democratic)
Election2January 11, 2023
Leader3 typeMajority Leader
Leader3Robyn Gabel
Party3(Democratic)
Election3January 11, 2023
Leader4 typeMinority Leader
Leader4Tony McCombie
Party4(Republican)
Election4January 11, 2023
Members118
Political groups1Majority (78), Democratic (78), Minority (40), Republican (40)
Term length2 years
AuthorityArticle IV, Illinois Constitution
Salary$85,000/year + per diem
Voting systemFirst-past-the-post
Last election1November 8, 2022
Next election1November 5, 2024
Meeting placeHouse of Representatives Chamber, Illinois State Capitol, Springfield, Illinois
Websitewww.ilga.gov/house

Illinois House of Representatives. It is the lower chamber of the Illinois General Assembly, the state legislature of Illinois. The body is composed of 118 representatives elected from single-member districts for two-year terms with no term limits. Its primary functions include drafting and passing legislation, approving the state budget, and providing oversight of the executive branch led by the Governor of Illinois.

History

The chamber was established in 1818 when Illinois was admitted to the United States under the first Illinois Constitution. Its early history was shaped by debates over issues like internal improvements and the expansion of slavery, with notable members including Abraham Lincoln who served from 1834 to 1842. The body operated in the first Illinois State Capitol in Vandalia before moving to the current Illinois State Capitol in Springfield in 1877. Significant structural changes occurred through subsequent constitutional conventions, including those in 1848 and 1870, which refined its powers and processes.

Composition

The chamber consists of 118 members, each representing a distinct legislative district. Following the 2022 Illinois House of Representatives election, the partisan composition is 78 Democrats and 40 Republicans, giving the Democratic Party a supermajority. Members must be U.S. citizens, at least 21 years old, and residents of their district for two years prior to election. The current membership includes representatives such as Ann M. Williams, Marcus C. Evans Jr., and Amy Elik.

Powers_and_Functions

The chamber shares legislative power with the Illinois Senate, with all bills for raising revenue required to originate in this body. It holds the sole power to initiate impeachment proceedings against state officials, which are then tried by the Illinois Senate. Key responsibilities include passing the annual state budget, confirming appointments made by the Governor of Illinois to certain boards and commissions, and ratifying amendments to the United States Constitution. It also exercises oversight through committees like the Appropriations Committee.

Districts

Representatives are elected from 118 districts, which are redrawn every ten years following the United States Census by the Illinois General Assembly. The current map, established after the 2020 United States census, is known for its politically contentious design shaped by the Illinois Redistricting Commission. Districts must be nearly equal in population and contiguous, as mandated by the Illinois Supreme Court and federal rulings like Reynolds v. Sims. Notable districts include the 3rd and 14th, which have seen competitive races involving candidates like Delia Ramirez.

Leadership

The presiding officer is the Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives, elected by the full membership; the current speaker is Emanuel Chris Welch, who succeeded Michael Madigan in 2021. Other key leaders include the Speaker pro tempore Jehan Gordon-Booth, the Majority Leader Robyn Gabel, and the Minority Leader Tony McCombie. Leadership positions within the Democratic Party of Illinois and Illinois Republican Party caucuses, such as Deputy Majority Leader, are also influential in setting the legislative agenda.

Elections

Elections are held every two years on Election Day in November, coinciding with elections for the Governor of Illinois in midterm years. Candidates are nominated through partisan primaries, typically held in March. Recent cycles, like the 2020 Illinois House of Representatives election, have been influenced by national issues and spending from groups like the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee. All 118 seats are contested in each general election, with vacancies filled by appointment from party leaders and subsequent special elections, as governed by the Illinois Election Code.

Category:Illinois House of Representatives Category:Lower houses of state legislatures of the United States Category:Government of Illinois Category:1818 establishments in Illinois