Advanced Photon Source

Advanced Photon Source is a synchrotron facility located at the Argonne National Laboratory in Lemont, Illinois, and is one of the most powerful X-ray sources in the world, used by scientists from University of Chicago, Northwestern University, and other institutions. The facility is operated by the United States Department of Energy and is a key resource for materials science research, supporting the work of Nobel laureates such as Roger Kornberg and Brian Kobilka. The Advanced Photon Source is also a key partner in the National Synchrotron Light Source II and the Linac Coherent Light Source projects, and collaborates with international facilities like the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and the Diamond Light Source.

Introduction

The Advanced Photon Source is a third-generation synchrotron facility, designed to produce high-brightness X-ray beams for scientific research. The facility is used by a diverse community of researchers from academia, industry, and government laboratories, including Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Brookhaven National Laboratory. The Advanced Photon Source is also a key resource for the Materials Genome Initiative, a research initiative launched by the White House in 2011, and is supported by funding agencies such as the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy. The facility has also collaborated with private companies like IBM, Intel, and Dow Chemical Company on various research projects.

History

The Advanced Photon Source was first proposed in the late 1980s by a team of scientists led by George S. Brown, and was approved for construction in 1989 by the United States Congress. The facility was designed and built by a team of engineers and physicists from Argonne National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and other institutions, including Stanford University and University of California, Berkeley. The Advanced Photon Source began operations in 1996, and has since become one of the most widely used synchrotron facilities in the world, with a user community that includes researchers from Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and California Institute of Technology. The facility has also hosted visiting scientists from international institutions like the University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, and École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.

Facility

The Advanced Photon Source is a synchrotron storage ring with a circumference of 1,104 meters, and is designed to operate at an energy of 7 GeV. The facility includes a linac injector, a booster synchrotron, and a storage ring, as well as a range of beamlines and experimental stations. The Advanced Photon Source is also equipped with a range of diagnostic tools, including beam position monitors and radiation safety systems, and is supported by a team of engineers and technicians from Argonne National Laboratory and other institutions, including Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The facility has also collaborated with international organizations like the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics and the European Physical Society.

Operations

The Advanced Photon Source operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and is supported by a team of operators and engineers who are responsible for maintaining the facility and ensuring that it is running safely and efficiently. The facility is also supported by a range of computer systems and software tools, including control systems and data analysis software, developed in collaboration with institutions like University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Purdue University. The Advanced Photon Source has a strong user program, with a user executive committee that represents the interests of the user community, and has hosted users from institutions like University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Georgia Institute of Technology. The facility has also partnered with private companies like General Electric and 3M to support industrial research and development.

Research_and_Applications

The Advanced Photon Source is used for a wide range of scientific research applications, including materials science, chemistry, and biology. The facility is particularly well-suited for X-ray scattering and spectroscopy experiments, and has been used to study a range of materials and systems, from nanomaterials to biological molecules. The Advanced Photon Source has also been used to support research in energy and environmental science, including the development of new energy technologies and the study of climate change, in collaboration with institutions like National Renewable Energy Laboratory and National Center for Atmospheric Research. The facility has also collaborated with international organizations like the International Energy Agency and the United Nations Environment Programme.

Upgrades_and_Improvements

The Advanced Photon Source has undergone several upgrades and improvements since it began operations in 1996, including the installation of new insertion devices and beamlines. The facility is currently undergoing a major upgrade project, which will include the installation of a new multi-bend achromat lattice and the development of new X-ray optics and detectors. The Advanced Photon Source is also planning to develop new research capabilities, including coherent X-ray imaging and X-ray free-electron laser capabilities, in collaboration with institutions like Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron. The facility has also partnered with private companies like Raytheon Technologies and Northrop Grumman to support the development of new technologies and applications. Category:Synchrotron radiation facilities