Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory located in Batavia, Illinois, and is operated by the Fermi Research Alliance, a consortium of University of Chicago, Northwestern University, and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The laboratory is named after Enrico Fermi, a Nobel Prize in Physics winner, and is a major center for particle physics research, collaborating with institutions such as CERN, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, and Brookhaven National Laboratory. The laboratory's research is supported by the National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, and European Organization for Nuclear Research.

● History

The laboratory was established in 1967 as the National Accelerator Laboratory, and was later renamed in 1974 to honor Enrico Fermi, who worked at the University of Chicago and led the team that achieved the first nuclear chain reaction at the Chicago Pile-1. The laboratory's early years were marked by the construction of the Main Ring, a particle accelerator that was used for high-energy physics research, in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The laboratory has also been involved in the development of superconducting magnets and cryogenic systems, working with General Dynamics, Lockheed Martin, and Northrop Grumman. The laboratory's history is closely tied to the development of particle physics, and has involved collaborations with Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University, and California Institute of Technology.

● Facilities

The laboratory's facilities include the Main Ring, a particle accelerator that is used for high-energy physics research, as well as the Neutrino Beamline, which is used to study neutrino physics in collaboration with University of California, Berkeley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University. The laboratory also has a number of other facilities, including the Proton Source, which is used to produce proton beams for the laboratory's experiments, and the Collider Detector, which is used to detect subatomic particles produced in high-energy collisions. The laboratory's facilities are supported by a range of technical facilities, including the Central Helium Liquefier, which is used to produce liquid helium for the laboratory's superconducting magnets, and the Cryogenic Test Facility, which is used to test the laboratory's cryogenic systems in collaboration with NASA, European Space Agency, and Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency.

● Research

The laboratory's research program is focused on particle physics, and includes a range of experiments and projects, such as the NOvA Experiment, which is used to study neutrino oscillations in collaboration with University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, and Imperial College London. The laboratory is also involved in the development of new particle detectors, such as the Muon g-2 Experiment, which is used to study the magnetic moment of the muon in collaboration with University of California, Los Angeles, University of Michigan, and University of Wisconsin–Madison. The laboratory's research is supported by a range of computing facilities, including the Fermilab Computing Division, which provides high-performance computing resources for the laboratory's experiments, and the Grid Computing Center, which is used to support the laboratory's grid computing activities in collaboration with IBM, Intel, and Hewlett Packard Enterprise.

● Experiments

The laboratory is home to a number of experiments, including the MINOS Experiment, which is used to study neutrino oscillations in collaboration with University of Minnesota, University of Texas at Austin, and University of Pittsburgh. The laboratory is also involved in the LHC experiment at CERN, and has contributed to the development of the ATLAS detector and the CMS detector in collaboration with University of Geneva, University of Zurich, and ETH Zurich. The laboratory's experiments are supported by a range of technical facilities, including the Proton Source, which is used to produce proton beams for the laboratory's experiments, and the Neutrino Beamline, which is used to produce neutrino beams for the laboratory's experiments in collaboration with Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

● Management_and_Operation

The laboratory is operated by the Fermi Research Alliance, a consortium of University of Chicago, Northwestern University, and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The laboratory's management is overseen by the Fermilab Director, who is responsible for the overall direction of the laboratory, and the Fermilab Board of Directors, which provides strategic guidance and oversight in collaboration with National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. The laboratory's operation is supported by a range of support facilities, including the Fermilab Computing Division, which provides high-performance computing resources for the laboratory's experiments, and the Fermilab Engineering Division, which provides engineering support for the laboratory's experiments in collaboration with Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and Northrop Grumman.

● Particle_Accelerators

The laboratory is home to a number of particle accelerators, including the Main Ring, which is used for high-energy physics research, and the Recycler Ring, which is used to store and accelerate proton beams in collaboration with Brookhaven National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The laboratory is also involved in the development of new particle accelerators, such as the Project X, which is a proposed proton accelerator that would be used to support a range of particle physics experiments in collaboration with SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Cornell University, and University of California, Santa Barbara. The laboratory's particle accelerators are supported by a range of technical facilities, including the Central Helium Liquefier, which is used to produce liquid helium for the laboratory's superconducting magnets, and the Cryogenic Test Facility, which is used to test the laboratory's cryogenic systems in collaboration with NASA, European Space Agency, and Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency.

Category:National laboratories in the United States