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AIM-120 AMRAAM

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AIM-120 AMRAAM is a Beyond-Visual-Range (BVR) Air-to-Air Missile developed by Hughes Aircraft Company, now part of Raytheon Technologies, in collaboration with United States Air Force and United States Navy. The development of the missile began in the 1970s, with the goal of creating a missile that could engage targets at long range, using Active Radar Homing and Inertial Measurement Unit guidance. The missile has been used by various countries, including the United States, Australia, Canada, and United Kingdom, and has been integrated into several aircraft, such as the F-15 Eagle, F-16 Fighting Falcon, and F/A-18 Hornet. The AIM-120 AMRAAM has also been used in several conflicts, including the Gulf War and the Kosovo War, in conjunction with other NATO forces, such as the Royal Air Force and the German Air Force.

● Development

The development of the AIM-120 AMRAAM began in 1975, when the United States Air Force issued a request for proposal for a new BVR air-to-air missile. The contract was awarded to Hughes Aircraft Company in 1979, and the development of the missile was carried out in collaboration with United States Navy and other contractors, such as Rockwell Collins and Boeing. The missile was designed to replace the AIM-7 Sparrow and AIM-54 Phoenix missiles, and to provide a more advanced and capable air-to-air missile system, compatible with the F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II. The development of the AIM-120 AMRAAM involved the use of advanced technologies, such as Solid-State Electronics and Digital Signal Processing, and was influenced by the work of scientists and engineers at MIT Lincoln Laboratory and NASA.

● Design and Features

The AIM-120 AMRAAM is a Ramjet-powered missile, with a length of 12 feet (3.7 meters) and a weight of 335 pounds (152 kilograms). The missile has a Thrust Vectoring control system, which allows it to make sharp turns and engage targets at high angles of attack, similar to the Russian Air Force's R-73 Archer missile. The missile is guided by an Active Radar Homing system, which uses a Pulse-Doppler Radar to detect and track targets, and an Inertial Measurement Unit to provide navigation and control data, developed in collaboration with Northrop Grumman and Lockheed Martin. The AIM-120 AMRAAM has a range of over 100 miles (160 kilometers), and can engage targets at speeds of up to Mach 4 (around 3,000 mph or 4,800 km/h), making it comparable to the French Air Force's MICA missile.

● Operational History

The AIM-120 AMRAAM has been used in several conflicts, including the Gulf War and the Kosovo War. During the Gulf War, the missile was used by United States Air Force and United States Navy aircraft, such as the F-15 Eagle and F/A-18 Hornet, to engage Iraqi Air Force aircraft, including the MiG-25 and MiG-29. The missile was also used during the Kosovo War, where it was used by NATO aircraft, such as the F-16 Fighting Falcon and F-15 Eagle, to engage Yugoslav Air Force aircraft, including the MiG-21 and MiG-29. The AIM-120 AMRAAM has also been used in several exercises and training missions, including the Red Flag exercise, held at Nellis Air Force Base, and the Maple Flag exercise, held at Canadian Forces Base Cold Lake.

● Variants

There have been several variants of the AIM-120 AMRAAM developed, including the AIM-120A, AIM-120B, and AIM-120C. The AIM-120A is the initial production version of the missile, while the AIM-120B has improved guidance and navigation systems, developed in collaboration with BAE Systems and Thales Group. The AIM-120C has a more advanced Active Radar Homing system, and is capable of engaging targets at longer ranges, similar to the Israeli Air Force's Derby missile. There have also been several upgrades and modifications made to the AIM-120 AMRAAM, including the AIM-120C-7, which has improved Electronic Counter-Countermeasures (ECCM) capabilities, developed in collaboration with General Dynamics and Raytheon Technologies.

● Operators

The AIM-120 AMRAAM is used by several countries, including the United States, Australia, Canada, and United Kingdom. The missile is also used by several other countries, including Germany, France, and Japan, and has been integrated into several aircraft, such as the Eurofighter Typhoon and Dassault Rafale. The AIM-120 AMRAAM is also used by several NATO countries, including Italy, Spain, and Turkey, and has been used in several NATO exercises and operations, including the Operation Allied Force and Operation Enduring Freedom.

● Specifications

The AIM-120 AMRAAM has a length of 12 feet (3.7 meters) and a weight of 335 pounds (152 kilograms). The missile has a diameter of 7 inches (18 centimeters) and a wingspan of 2 feet 2 inches (66 centimeters). The missile is powered by a Ramjet engine, which provides a speed of over Mach 4 (around 3,000 mph or 4,800 km/h). The missile has a range of over 100 miles (160 kilometers), and can engage targets at altitudes of up to 60,000 feet (18,300 meters), making it comparable to the Russian Air Force's R-77 missile. The AIM-120 AMRAAM is guided by an Active Radar Homing system, which uses a Pulse-Doppler Radar to detect and track targets, and an Inertial Measurement Unit to provide navigation and control data, developed in collaboration with NASA and MIT Lincoln Laboratory.

Category:Air-to-air missiles

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