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| concours de l'agrégation | |
|---|---|
| Name | concours de l'agrégation |
| Type | Competitive national examination |
| Country | France |
| Established | 1766 |
concours de l'agrégation is a competitive French national examination for recruiting senior teachers and lecturers in secondary schools and higher education institutions. It has historically shaped careers linked to institutions such as the École Normale Supérieure, the Collège de France, the Université de Paris, the Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, and the École pratique des hautes études. The examination intersects with traditions represented by figures like Victor Hugo, Henri Poincaré, Simone de Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre, and organizations such as the Société des professeurs de lycée et collège.
The examination originated in the 18th century under reforms associated with Louis XV and administrators like Lazare Carnot during periods overlapping with institutions such as the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, the Académie française, and the Conseil du Roi. In the 19th century notable reformers including Guizot and Jules Ferry reshaped secondary instruction, aligning the process with establishments like the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, the Lycée Henri-IV, and the École Normale Supérieure de la rue d'Ulm. During the Third Republic figures such as Ferry and Adolphe Thiers influenced statutes that tied the agrégation to prizes and appointments within the Université de France and the Inspection générale de l'Éducation nationale. Twentieth-century developments involved interactions with the Sorbonne, the Centre national de la recherche scientifique, and personalities like Paul Valéry and Émile Durkheim affecting selection practices and curricula.
The exam functions as a recruitment and credentialing mechanism for applicants aiming at posts associated with the Lycée, the Collège, the Université, the Centre national d'enseignement à distance, and the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers. Success confers a status recognized by bodies such as the Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation, the Conseil national des universités, and the Inspection générale. Historically it has been a gateway to positions under the aegis of the Préfecture, linked to advancement pathways similar to those in the Corps des professeurs and influencing appointments at institutions like the Collège de France and the Bibliothèque nationale de France.
There are multiple streams mirroring departments at universities and specialized schools: classical fields associated with the Lettres modernes and Lettres classiques intersect with authors such as Molière, Voltaire, Racine, Montesquieu, and Corneille; scientific streams connect to traditions exemplified by Pierre-Simon Laplace, Marie Curie, André-Marie Ampère, Henri Poincaré, and Évariste Galois; social sciences streams reference scholars like Auguste Comte, Max Weber, Émile Durkheim, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Michel Foucault. Specialized agrégations exist for areas linked to institutions such as the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, the École des hautes études en sciences sociales, and the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales. Lesser-known streams recruit for posts related to disciplines exemplified by figures such as Nicolas Boileau, Étienne Pasquier, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Pierre Bourdieu, and Gaston Bachelard.
Candidates typically hold degrees from establishments like the Université Paris-Sorbonne, the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, the Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, the Université Paris Nanterre, or regional universities accredited by the Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur. Eligibility conditions reference diplomas such as the master and qualifications recognized by councils including the Conseil national des universités and the Centre national de la recherche scientifique. Age, nationality, and prior service conditions are governed by statutes promulgated by the Journal officiel de la République française and supervised by the Ministère de l'Éducation nationale. Specific editions of the competition may require endorsements from bodies like the Rectorat or documentation tied to the Inspection académique.
The format combines written and oral components modeled on traditions from institutions such as the École Normale Supérieure, the Sorbonne, and the Collège de France. Written épreuves examine texts and problems referencing canons associated with figures like Homer, Virgil, Dante Alighieri, John Locke, and Immanuel Kant; scientific épreuves draw on methodologies from Isaac Newton, Carl Friedrich Gauss, James Clerk Maxwell, Niels Bohr, and Alan Turing; pedagogical or didactic components invoke practices from the Inspection générale and comparative perspectives influenced by the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. Oral examinations often entail a leçon or exposé linked to programs validated by the Ministère de l'Éducation nationale and assessed by juries including members from the Université de Strasbourg, the Université de Lyon, and the Université de Toulouse.
Preparation pathways include university courses at establishments such as the École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, private preparatory classes affiliated with institutions like the Institut d'études politiques de Paris, and specialized training offered by associations such as the Association des agrégés and the Fédération des associations de professeurs. Candidates often follow bibliographies centered on authors like Gustave Flaubert, Honoré de Balzac, Charles Baudelaire, Stendhal, and Marcel Proust for literary streams, or canonical works by Leonhard Euler, Carl Gustav Jacobi, André Weil, Sophie Germain, and Henri Lebesgue for mathematical streams. Preparatory materials are sometimes produced in collaboration with publishers and institutions such as the Presses universitaires de France, the Éditions du Seuil, and the CNRS Éditions.
Successful candidates join career tracks that lead to posts at the Lycée International, the Collège de France, the Université Grenoble Alpes, the Université de Lille, and other university centers, often entering corps equivalent to the Professeurs agrégés and interacting with research bodies like the Centre national de la recherche scientifique. The agrégation has historically influenced intellectual elites connected to personalities such as Jean Jaurès, François Mitterrand, Simone Weil, Raymond Aron, and Jean-Pierre Serre, shaping recruitment to leadership roles in cultural institutions like the Opéra National de Paris and research policy offices within the Ministère de la Culture. It remains a determinant in promotion, tenure, and mobility within networks that include the Réseau des établissements and national examination boards.
Category:French civil service Category:Education in France Category:Academic examinations