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| Torino (provincia) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Provincia di Torino |
| Settlement type | Provincia |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | Italy |
| Subdivision type1 | Region |
| Subdivision name1 | Piedmont |
| Seat type | Capital |
| Seat | Turin |
| Area total km2 | 6821 |
| Population total | 2270000 |
| Population as of | 2016 |
| Population density km2 | auto |
| Leader title | President |
| Timezone1 | CET |
| Utc offset1 | +1 |
Torino (provincia) is a former administrative province in the Piedmont region of Italy whose capital was Turin. The territory combined alpine and plain landscapes, encompassing parts of the Alps, the Po River, and industrial corridors associated with FIAT and the Automotive industry. The province hosted major cultural institutions like the Museo Egizio, commercial hubs, and transportation nodes linking France, Switzerland, and northern Italy.
The province spanned the western sector of Piedmont and bordered France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) and Aosta Valley, including subranges of the Graian Alps and the Cottian Alps. Principal waterways included the Po River and tributaries like the Dora Riparia and Dora Baltea, while major valleys comprised the Susa Valley, Val di Susa, and Val Chisone. Key natural sites and protected areas related to the province encompassed parts of the Gran Paradiso National Park, the Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso, and numerous regional parks linked to alpine biodiversity and UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Langhe and Monferrato cultural landscapes.
The territory has roots in ancient settlement by the Ligures and later incorporation into the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, with archaeological remains connected to Augusta Taurinorum, an urban center later evolving into Turin. During the early Middle Ages the area came under influence of the Lombards and the Franks, and medieval polities included feudal holdings tied to the House of Savoy and conflicts such as skirmishes around the War of the Spanish Succession and Napoleonic campaigns involving the First French Empire. The rise of the Kingdom of Sardinia and industrialization fostered by the House of Savoy preceded the unification of Italy (Risorgimento) and the role of Turin as a capital linked to figures such as Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and events like the Expedition of the Thousand. Twentieth-century transformations included the growth of FIAT and labor movements associated with unions like the CGIL and strikes impacting urban and regional development.
Population centers concentrated in Turin, Moncalieri, Collegno, Rivoli, and Ivrea, with demographic shifts driven by internal migration from southern Italy and international migration from North Africa, Eastern Europe, and South America. The province's population profile reflected urbanization, aging trends linked to national patterns, and cultural diversity visible in communities with origins in Albania, Romania, Morocco, and China. Statistical and census work was conducted under the auspices of Istat and regional offices of Piedmont administration.
Economic activity centered on manufacturing clusters such as the Automotive industry anchored by FIAT, aerospace and engineering firms tied to suppliers relevant to Alenia Aeronautica and Leonardo S.p.A., and service sectors including finance tied to institutions like Banca d'Italia regional branches and commerce in Turin's central districts. Agriculture in the plain and hills produced wines and products associated with Barolo, Barbaresco, hazelnuts of Langhe, and dairy tied to Parmigiano-Reggiano-adjacent systems, while hydroelectric installations in alpine valleys related to companies operating in energy markets influenced by ENEL. Tourism and events around Turin's museums, winter sports in Sestriere and Bardonecchia, and trade fairs associated with venues like Lingotto contributed to the tertiary sector.
Before the 2015–2016 institutional reforms, the province operated under provincial councils and a president exercising competencies in local planning, roads, and schools, interacting with the Piedmont regional government and national ministries such as the Ministry of Interior (Italy). Administrative subdivisions included numerous comunes with municipal governments in places like Giaveno, Pinerolo, Carmagnola, and Cirié, and provincial bodies liaised with metropolitan structures created under legislation like the Delrio Law leading to the establishment of the Metropolitan City of Turin.
The province featured a dense transport network centered on the Turin Porta Susa railway station, high-speed rail links such as the TAV corridors connecting to Milan and Paris via the Mont Cenis Tunnel proposals and the Fréjus Rail Tunnel, regional rail services operated by Trenitalia, and metropolitan tram and bus systems like GTT (Gruppo Torinese Trasporti). Road arteries included the A4, A5, and A32 connecting alpine passes, while airports such as Turin Caselle Airport linked the province internationally through carriers operating routes to Brussels, Frankfurt, and London.
Cultural heritage centered on sites in Turin including the Mole Antonelliana, Palazzo Madama, Museo Egizio, and institutions like the Teatro Regio (Turin), while festivals and events included the Turin International Book Fair, motorsport traditions tied to Formula One and FIAT heritage museums, and winter sports hosting for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin 2006 Olympics venues like Sestriere. Gastronomy showcased Piedmontese cuisine such as truffles of Alba, chocolate tied to Gianduiotto, vermouth from Asti and the Turin aperitif tradition, and wine routes through Barbera d'Asti and Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba appellations. The province's museums, historic residences of the House of Savoy, and alpine resorts attracted domestic and international visitors interested in art, history, and outdoor recreation.