Russian Federation Government

Russian Federation Government
Name	Russian Federation Government
Native name	Правительство Российской Федерации
Formation	1991
Jurisdiction	Russia
Headquarters	Moscow
Leader title	Prime Minister of Russia
Leader name	Mikhail Mishustin
Parent agency	President of Russia

Russian Federation Government

The Government of the Russian Federation is the central executive authority of the Russian Federation, responsible for national administration, policy implementation, and coordination among federal organs. It operates within the constitutional order established by the Constitution of Russia (1993), interacts with the Federal Assembly (Russia), and functions alongside the President of Russia, regional governors such as those of Moscow Oblast and Saint Petersburg, and federal courts like the Constitutional Court of Russia. The Cabinet’s activities intersect with institutions including the Central Bank of Russia, the Federal Security Service, and ministries such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia).

Constitutional Framework

The Government derives authority from the Constitution of Russia (1993), which delineates relationships among the President of Russia, the Government of Russia, and the Federal Assembly (Russia), and references federal treaties like the Treaty on the Formation of the Russian Federation and legal instruments such as the Federal Constitutional Law on the Government of the Russian Federation. Constitutional arrangements reflect precedents set by the Soviet Union dissolution and legal reforms following the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, balancing powers seen in systems like the Weimar Constitution and guided by rulings of the Constitutional Court of Russia.

Executive Branch

The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister of Russia and consists of deputy prime ministers and federal ministries, including the Ministry of Defence (Russia), the Ministry of Finance (Russia), the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia), and the Ministry of Justice (Russia). The President of Russia appoints the Prime Minister subject to confirmation by the State Duma, and the Cabinet is accountable to both the President and the Federal Assembly (Russia), engaging with agencies like the Federal Customs Service and the Federal Taxation Service. Executive practice draws on models from the Government of the Russian Empire and institutional legacies from the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union.

Legislative Branch

Legislative authority resides in the Federal Assembly (Russia), a bicameral legislature composed of the State Duma and the Federation Council (Russia), with lawmaking procedures influenced by statutes such as the Federal Law on Legislative Procedure. Members of the State Duma represent parties like United Russia, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, and Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, while Federation Council seats include representatives from federal subjects such as Krasnodar Krai and Republic of Tatarstan. The legislature enacts federal laws, approves budgets affecting institutions such as the Ministry of Economic Development (Russia), and ratifies treaties including accords with the European Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Judicial System

The judicial system includes the Constitutional Court of Russia, the Supreme Court of Russia, and specialized tribunals like the Arbitrazh Court of Appeal and military courts modeled on Soviet-era judicial structures. Judicial review covers constitutional conformity of federal acts, with high-profile cases touching on statutes such as the Law on Foreign Agents (Russia) and disputes involving entities like Gazprom and Rosneft. Judges are appointed through mechanisms involving the President of Russia, the Federation Council (Russia), and judicial bodies such as the Council of Judges of Russia.

Federal Structure and Regional Authorities

The Federation comprises subjects including oblasts of Russia, krais of Russia, republics of Russia, autonomous okrugs, and federal cities like Moscow and Saint Petersburg, each represented in the Federation Council (Russia). Regional governance involves governors (previously selected through mechanisms altered after the Beslan school siege), regional legislatures exemplified by the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan, and administrative units such as Sakha Republic and Krasnoyarsk Krai. Federal-regional relations are governed by mechanisms including federal districts headed by plenipotentiaries like the Presidential Envoy to the Central Federal District and intergovernmental agreements on powers and budgetary allocations influenced by programs such as the National Projects of Russia.

Public Administration and Civil Service

Public administration is conducted through ministries, federal services, and agencies such as the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media and the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance. The civil service adheres to the Federal Law on Civil Service with ranks influenced by regulations developed during the tenures of officials such as Sergei Kiriyenko and Viktor Zubkov, and human-resource systems paralleling practices in OECD states like France and Germany. Anti-corruption and transparency efforts reference institutions including the Investigative Committee of Russia and laws shaped by debates in bodies like the State Duma.

Policy Areas and Government Functions

The Government formulates policy across areas involving the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia), and the Ministry of Agriculture (Russia), addressing challenges linked to actors such as Rosatom and infrastructure projects like the Power of Siberia pipeline. Economic policymaking involves coordination with the Central Bank of Russia and state corporations including Rostechnologii and Russian Railways, while foreign policy execution engages the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia), diplomatic missions to states like China and United States, and security organs including the Federal Security Service. Crisis management has mobilized instruments from the Emergency Situations Ministry (Russia) and legal measures in response to events such as the 2014 annexation of Crimea and sanctions imposed by the European Union and United States Department of the Treasury.

Category:Politics of Russia