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| National Security Strategy (Russia) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Russia |
| Document | National Security Strategy |
| Adopted | 2000s–2020s |
| Jurisdiction | Russian Federation |
| Issued by | President of Russia |
National Security Strategy (Russia) is the principal strategic document outlining the Russian Federation's prioritized threats, goals, and instruments for preserving national continuity. It synthesizes perspectives from the Kremlin, the Security Council of Russia, the Ministry of Defence (Russia), and the Foreign Ministry (Russia), and interacts with constitutional instruments such as the Constitution of Russia and legislation like the Federal Law on Defence. The strategy informs operations by entities including the Federal Security Service, the Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia), and regional administrations such as those in Moscow and Saint Petersburg.
The strategy is anchored in post‑Soviet legal architecture through links to the President of Russia, the Government of Russia, and the State Duma. It references national sovereignty as defined after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union and engages institutions from the Supreme Court of Russia to the Accounts Chamber of Russia. The document interfaces with defense planning tools like the State Armament Program and with security doctrines such as the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation and the Naval Doctrine of the Russian Federation. It frames relations with multilateral bodies including the United Nations Security Council (where Russia holds a veto), the Collective Security Treaty Organization, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
Early iterations trace to the 1990s amid upheaval following the August Coup and the Belavezha Accords. Formalized versions appeared under presidents including Boris Yeltsin, Vladimir Putin, and Dmitry Medvedev. Key milestones align with events such as the Second Chechen War, the 2008 Russo‑Georgian War, and the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014. Domestic inputs have included the Security Council of Russia, the Ministry of Economic Development (Russia), and the Russian Academy of Sciences, while external stimuli have included crises like the Kosovo War and the Syrian Civil War. Adoption procedures involve presidential decrees signed at the Kremlin with publication through outlets like Kommersant and Rossiyskaya Gazeta.
The document enumerates priorities such as territorial integrity vis‑à‑vis neighbors like Ukraine, Belarus, and Georgia; protection of critical infrastructure in regions like Siberia and Karelia; safeguarding strategic resources in areas including the Karelo‑White Sea Canal and the Arctic; and projecting influence via instruments tied to entities like Gazprom, Rosneft, and the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom. It highlights demographic concerns referencing trends monitored by the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and social stability considerations involving institutions such as the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation. The strategy situates Russia within global forums including the G20 and the Organisation for Security and Co‑operation in Europe.
The strategy aligns with modernization programs involving suppliers like Almaz‑Antey, United Aircraft Corporation, and Uralvagonzavod, and operational commands such as the Western Military District, Southern Military District, and Northern Fleet. It references nuclear posture grounded in bodies like the Strategic Missile Forces (Russia) and weapon systems such as the RS‑24 Yars and Sarmat (missile). Force employment doctrines intersect with exercises including Vostok (military exercise), Zapad (exercise), and operations in theaters like Syria and Donbas. Defense procurement links to the United Shipbuilding Corporation and to export partners through Rosoboronexport.
Economic resilience measures cite fiscal actors like the Ministry of Finance (Russia), sovereign instruments including the National Wealth Fund (Russia), and sanctions countermeasures following actions by the European Union and the United States Department of the Treasury. Energy security emphasizes infrastructure such as Nord Stream, TurkStream, and Arctic projects led by Rosneft and Gazprom Neft. Trade and supply chain considerations reference partners like China, India, and Turkey, and multilateral frameworks including the Eurasian Economic Union. Financial stability responsibilities invoke the Central Bank of Russia and oversight by the Federal Financial Monitoring Service.
The strategy frames relations with major powers including United States, People's Republic of China, European Union, and regional actors such as Turkey and Iran. It asserts interests in theaters including the Middle East, the Arctic Council, and the Black Sea region, and deploys diplomatic tools via missions to the United Nations and bilateral ties with states like Egypt and Venezuela. It references engagement with security arrangements such as the NATO–Russia Council (historical context) and regional organizations including the African Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Soft power elements involve cultural institutions like the Russkiy Mir Foundation and media platforms such as RT.
Implementation responsibilities rest with cross‑institutional centers including the Security Council of Russia staff, ministries such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia), and agencies like the Federal Protective Service (Russia). Oversight mechanisms touch the State Duma Committee on Defense, the Federation Council, and auditing by the Accounts Chamber of Russia. Periodic revision cycles have followed geopolitical shocks such as the 2014 Crimean crisis and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, with amendments reflected in presidential decrees and coordination with think tanks like the Valdai Discussion Club and academic institutions such as MGIMO University.
Category:Security of Russia