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| Master Gas System | |
|---|---|
| Name | Master Gas System |
| Type | Industrial gas distribution system |
| Country | Various |
| Developed | 20th century |
| Operator | Multiple |
| Status | Operational |
Master Gas System is a centralized industrial infrastructure for distribution, regulation, and utilization of gaseous fuels and process gases across industrial, municipal, and maritime sites. It integrates components derived from technologies used by Royal Dutch Shell, ExxonMobil, BP, Chevron Corporation, and Gazprom to deliver feedstocks for facilities such as refinerys, chemical plants, steel mills, and power stations. The system interconnects assets similar to those managed by TransCanada PipeLines Limited, National Grid plc, Enbridge, and Kinder Morgan, enabling supply continuity across networks akin to Nord Stream, Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline, and South Stream projects.
The Master Gas System concept synthesizes practices from operators like ConocoPhillips, TotalEnergies SE, Equinor ASA, and Pertamina to provide load balancing, pressure regulation, metering, and safety functions familiar in installations at BP Prudhoe Bay Oil Field, Ghawar Field, and Kashagan Field. Typical deployments mirror integration strategies seen in Shell Centre logistics, ExxonMobil Baytown Refinery site planning, and Sasol Synfuels process layouts. Key stakeholders include multinational corporations such as Aramco, Petrobras, Petronas, and regional utilities like PG&E, E.ON, EDF, and Iberdrola.
Development traces to mid-20th century advances in pipeline engineering by firms like Bechtel Corporation, Fluor Corporation, TechnipFMC, and Saipem, and to control philosophies espoused by Siemens, ABB, Honeywell International Inc., and Schneider Electric SE. Projects such as Alaska Pipeline, Trans-Siberian Pipeline expansions, and the construction of facilities by Halliburton and Baker Hughes influenced standards. Regulatory catalysts included events evaluated by bodies like the United States Department of Transportation, European Commission, International Energy Agency, and International Electrotechnical Commission leading to protocols used by American Petroleum Institute and International Organization for Standardization.
Design employs compressors and turbines from manufacturers such as GE Aviation, Siemens Energy, Rolls-Royce Holdings, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries; valves and fittings from Emerson Electric Co., Velan Inc., and Crane Co.; and sensors from Honeywell, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, and ABB. Control layers use distributed control systems similar to DeltaV or Triconex by Schneider Electric and GE Digital implementing cybersecurity practices recommended by NIST and ENISA. Metering often references standards from American Gas Association and incorporates equipment sourced from Daniel Measurement and Control, Schlumberger, and Siemens AG. Storage integrates technologies comparable to those at Salt cavern storage sites, LNG terminals like Ras Laffan and Taranto Terminal, and tank farms operated by Shell Nederland and ExxonMobil Esso.
Operations draw on asset-management frameworks used by Siemens Gamesa, ABB Robotics, and Schneider Electric with maintenance regimes influenced by Reliability-centered maintenance practices adopted by NASA and United States Navy engineering departments. Field crews trained under programs like those from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, and Society of Petroleum Engineers perform inspections using nondestructive testing techniques developed at Sandia National Laboratories and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Remote monitoring leverages SCADA architectures similar to implementations at National Grid plc and Enel with predictive analytics inspired by projects at Google and IBM.
Safety regimes reference codes and standards produced by American National Standards Institute, International Electrotechnical Commission, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and European Committee for Standardization. Compliance parallels requirements found in permits issued by Environmental Protection Agency, UK Health and Safety Executive, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, and Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation. Emergency response planning coordinates with agencies such as Federal Emergency Management Agency, International Maritime Organization, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, and organizations like International Association of Oil & Gas Producers. Inspections follow recommendations similar to those from Lloyd's Register, Det Norske Veritas, Bureau Veritas, and American Bureau of Shipping.
The system supplies feedstock for processes at BASF, Dow Chemical Company, DuPont, and INEOS Group plants; fuels boilers and turbines at Drax Power Station, Pembroke Power Station, and Tata Steel operations; and provides fuel gas to fleets operated by Maersk Line, MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company, and CMA CGM. Urban deployments support infrastructure akin to projects managed by Con Edison, Tokyo Electric Power Company, and Seoul Metropolitan Government. Integration with carbon management follows strategies explored by Carbon Capture and Storage projects at Sleipner gas field and Boundary Dam Power Station, and hydrogen blending initiatives led by Hydrogen Council members including Shell and Siemens Energy.
High-profile incidents echo investigations into events involving Deepwater Horizon, Piper Alpha, Bhopal disaster, and pipeline breaches examined in cases like Nord Stream damage and Keystone Pipeline spill. Controversies involve disputes among corporations such as Shell and host states comparable to litigation involving Aramco, PDVSA, and Yukos; environmental campaigns mirror actions by Greenpeace, Sierra Club, Friends of the Earth, and 350.org. Regulatory scrutiny and legal outcomes have engaged courts including the International Court of Justice, European Court of Human Rights, and national judiciaries in contexts similar to rulings on Exxon Valdez and BP liabilities.
Category:Industrial infrastructure