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| Marea Verde | |
|---|---|
| Name | Marea Verde |
| Founded | 2018 |
| Ideology | Reproductive rights, feminist movement, social movement |
| Headquarters | Buenos Aires |
| Area | Argentina, Latin America, Spain |
Marea Verde is a grassroots feminist movement advocating for the legalization and decriminalization of abortion and expanded reproductive rights across Latin America and Spain. Originating in Argentina, it rapidly influenced public mobilization, legislative debates, and transnational coordination among activists, nongovernmental organizations, political parties, and labor unions. The movement is notable for its use of visible symbols, mass demonstrations, and intersectional alliances with human rights groups, health organizations, and international feminist networks.
Marea Verde emerged from Argentine feminist activism during the 2010s, building on precedents such as Ni Una Menos, Electoral Front of Workers, Encuentro Nacional de Mujeres, Left Front (Argentina), and progressive coalitions including Frente de Todos and Cambiemos opponents. Early protests took place alongside campaigns by organizations like Campaña Nacional por el Derecho al Aborto Legal, Seguro y Gratuito and drew on tactics used by Movimiento Evita and Asamblea Permanente por los Derechos Humanos. The 2018 national debate in Argentina—involving the Chamber of Deputies, the Senate of Argentina, and high-profile figures such as Alberto Fernández and activists linked to Polo Obrero—marked a turning point when large street demonstrations, rallies at plazas named after Plaza de Mayo and events near the National Congress of Argentina intensified visibility. Regional reverberations followed in countries like Chile, Uruguay, Peru, Colombia, and Mexico, connecting to campaigns by organizations such as Movimiento Amplio Social and alliances with unions like the Central de Trabajadores de la Argentina.
Marea Verde’s core demand is legal, safe, and free access to induced abortion within national health systems, often framed as compliance with international human rights instruments like the Inter-American Court of Human Rights jurisprudence and instruments promoted by Médecins Sans Frontières and World Health Organization. Secondary demands include access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services backed by institutions such as PAHO and UN Women, contraceptive availability promoted by groups like Planned Parenthood Global, sex education reforms advocated by actors including UNICEF and regional education networks, and protection from gender-based violence linked to campaigns by Amnesty International and local Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales-style organizations. The movement also calls for reform of penal codes in jurisdictions influenced by civil law traditions such as those in Argentina, Spain, and Chile.
Tactics include mass demonstrations inspired by events like International Women's Strike, street vigils at locations like Plaza de Mayo and legislative buildings such as the Palacio Legislativo, public art interventions referencing symbols used by Green Wave (movement), social media campaigns coordinated through platforms associated with Twitter, Facebook, and messaging apps linked to WhatsApp, and legislative lobbying alongside parliamentary allies from parties such as Frente de Izquierda and progressive caucuses within Peronist blocs. Legal strategies involve strategic litigation in national courts and appeals to regional tribunals such as the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, often in collaboration with legal NGOs like Fundación Huésped. Educational outreach occurs in partnership with universities such as University of Buenos Aires, medical associations akin to Argentine Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and health networks modeled on Red de Salud de las Américas.
While rooted in Argentina, the movement’s green-scarf iconography spread through networks across Latin America—notably in Mexico City, Bogotá, Santiago (Chile), Montevideo, and Lima—and into Spanish regions including Catalonia and Andalusia. Coordination is decentralized, relying on coalitions of feminist collectives, student groups from institutions like National University of Córdoba, nongovernmental organizations such as Católicas por el Derecho a Decidir in some countries, and trade unions including branches of the Confederación General del Trabajo. Transnational conferences, regional fora such as the Encuentro Internacional de Mujeres, and online assemblies connect local chapters, while national campaigns often synchronize around parliamentary timetables in legislatures like the Congress of the Argentine Nation and municipal councils in cities including Rosario and Mar del Plata.
Public reception has ranged from widespread street-level support—evidenced in opinion shifts captured by polling firms and reflected in mass protests at sites like Obelisco de Buenos Aires—to mobilized opposition from conservative parties including Juntos por el Cambio factions and religious institutions such as the Catholic Church in Argentina and evangelical groups allied with regional conservative caucuses. Politically, the movement influenced landmark legislative outcomes, contributing to changes in penal codes, the passage of bills debated in bodies like the Chamber of Deputies (Argentina) and similar assemblies in Chile and Mexico, and appointments of sympathetic officials in ministries comparable to Ministry of Health (Argentina). Electoral effects included endorsements by progressive parties and impacts on candidate platforms for figures such as Sergio Massa and local municipal leaders.
Criticism has come from conservative political parties, religious organizations like the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy and evangelical coalitions, and social conservative NGOs such as groups modeled after CitizenGO. Controversies include disputes over messaging, tactics during street protests leading to clashes with law enforcement agencies such as municipal police and national security forces, internal debates about coalition prioritization involving parties like Frente Renovador, and legal challenges in courts including litigation before constitutional tribunals. Feminist scholars and activists from different traditions—represented by figures associated with organizations like Partido de los Trabajadores-linked collectives and academic centers at National University of La Plata—have also critiqued strategic choices, intersectionality practices, and relations with party politics.
Category:Feminist movements Category:Social movements in Argentina