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| Marcha das Mulheres Negras | |
|---|---|
| Name | Marcha das Mulheres Negras |
| Formation | 2015 |
| Type | Social movement |
| Location | Brazil |
Marcha das Mulheres Negras is a grassroots social movement in Brazil mobilizing Black women activists, intellectuals, and community leaders around racial and gender justice. Emerging within intersections of Afro-Brazilian activism, feminist organizing, and human rights advocacy, the movement draws on networks associated with civil society organizations, political parties, and cultural institutions across Brazilian states. It connects local struggles in favelas and quilombos with national debates in Brasília and international forums such as the United Nations and the African Union.
The movement grew from legacies of Afro-Brazilian resistance linked to figures and institutions like Zumbi dos Palmares, Quilombo dos Palmares, Luís Gama, Maria da Penha, and organizations such as Movimento Negro Unificado (MNU), União de Negros pela Igualdade (UNEGRO), and Geledés. Influences include feminist networks connected to Dandara dos Palmares, academic work at Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade Federal da Bahia, and activism stemming from cultural institutions like Instituto Cultural do Negro and Museu Afro Brasil. The rise coincided with political mobilizations around the administration of Dilma Rousseff, responses to policies of Michel Temer, and broader social movements including Diretas Já-era legacies and protests inspired by Fora Temer demonstrations.
Leadership is decentralized, featuring activists, scholars, and public figures such as community organizers affiliated with Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT), scholars from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, and representatives of social movements including Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) and Marcha Mundial das Mulheres. Networks include legal advocates working with Defensoria Pública structures and alliances with political actors in parties like Partido dos Trabalhadores and Partido Socialismo e Liberdade. Cultural leadership connects to artists and intellectuals linked to Movimento Cultural Afro-Brasileiro, alliances with NGOs like Anistia Internacional Brasil and transnational ties to Black Lives Matter and African Union fora.
Core demands emphasize anti-racism, gender equality, and socioeconomic justice through policy change in institutions such as Supremo Tribunal Federal, municipal councils, and state legislatures. Specific agendas call for enforcement of laws like the Lei Maria da Penha, strengthening of affirmative action policies at Universidade Estadual de Campinas and other universities, expansion of public health programs linked to Sistema Único de Saúde initiatives, and protection against police violence highlighted by cases involving Militares and Forças Armadas deployments. The movement also demands reparative measures inspired by international frameworks promoted by Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos and advocacy at the Organização das Nações Unidas.
Organized demonstrations and national convocations have taken place in cities including São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Bahia, Brasília, and Belo Horizonte. Events have been synchronized with commemorations such as Dia da Consciência Negra and actions addressing high-profile incidents involving public security agencies and judicial decisions from Supremo Tribunal Federal. Assemblies have featured participation from leaders associated with Partido Socialista Brasileiro, labor unions like Força Sindical, and cultural figures from institutions such as Theatro Municipal (São Paulo) and Casa das Rosas.
The movement influenced policy debates on quota systems at institutions like Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, municipal public safety reforms in Rio de Janeiro, and legislative initiatives in state assemblies. Visibility campaigns altered media framing in outlets such as Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo, and community press like Agência Brasil, while testimony in hearings before bodies like Câmara dos Deputados and collaborations with Ministério da Mulher, Família e dos Direitos Humanos advanced anti-violence programs. Internationally, conversations with delegations to the Conferência Mundial sobre Mulheres and engagement with UN Women portals linked domestic demands to global standards.
Critiques emerged from political opponents in Congresso Nacional debates and from sectors of civil society disputing tactics and alliances with parties like Partido dos Trabalhadores or unions such as Central dos Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras do Brasil (CTB). Controversies involved disagreements over representation of quilombo communities recognized by Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA), debates over strategic alignment with electoral platforms of figures from Partido Social Liberal and responses to policing actions involving Polícia Militar. Internal disputes mirrored tensions seen in coalitions such as between Movimento Negro Unificado (MNU) factions and independent feminist collectives.
The movement reshaped discourse in Brazilian feminismo negro and influenced scholarship at centers like Centro de Estudos Afro-Orientais and cultural policy at institutions such as Fundação Palmares. It strengthened networks linking grassroots organizers to transnational movements including Black Lives Matter and pan-African institutions like African Union, and inspired policy proposals examined in state legislatures and municipal councils. Its legacy persists in alliances with educational programs at Universidade Federal da Bahia, legal clinics at Universidade de São Paulo, and ongoing activism in neighborhoods, quilombos, and cultural sites commemorated by institutions like Museu Afro Brasil.
Category:Social movements in Brazil Category:Women's rights in Brazil Category:Anti-racism organizations