Luchthaven Schiphol
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| Luchthaven Schiphol | |
|---|---|
 Royal Schiphol Group · Public domain · source | |
| Name | Luchthaven Schiphol |
| Native name | Amsterdam Airport Schiphol |
| Iata | AMS |
| Icao | EHAM |
| Type | Public |
| Owner | Royal Schiphol Group |
| City served | Amsterdam |
| Location | Haarlemmermeer |
| Elevation m | −3.4 |
Luchthaven Schiphol is the principal international airport serving Amsterdam and the Netherlands, located in Haarlemmermeer. Opened in 1916, the airport evolved into a major European hub with extensive connections to London, Paris, Frankfurt, New York City, and Beijing. Schiphol is operated by Royal Schiphol Group and plays a central role in Dutch transport infrastructure alongside Rotterdam The Hague Airport and Eindhoven Airport.
Geschiedenis
Schiphol originated as a military airfield near the site of the Battle of Haarlem region and transitioned to civil aviation after World War I and World War II. Early operators included KLM Royal Dutch Airlines which established a base and long-haul routes to Batavia, London Heathrow, and New York City. Postwar reconstruction saw expansion programs influenced by planners associated with Frits Schuurman and policies of the Dutch government leading to runway extensions, terminal construction, and the 1967 opening of Schiphol Plaza adjacent to the Hilton Amsterdam Schiphol and rail links to Amsterdam Centraal. In the late 20th century Schiphol integrated air traffic control developments referenced by Eurocontrol and accommodated alliances such as SkyTeam, Star Alliance, and Oneworld. Recent decades featured debates involving Schiphol Group, Municipality of Haarlemmermeer, and environmental groups like Milieudefensie over night flights and noise abatement.
Facilitair en operationeel overzicht
The airport complex is managed by Royal Schiphol Group with operational coordination involving Air Traffic Control the Netherlands (LVNL), Dutch Customs Service, and Inspectorate of Transport and Water Management. Facilities encompass cargo hubs used by FedEx, UPS Airlines, Cargolux, and freight operators serving routes to Frankfurt Airport, Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, and Hong Kong International Airport. Ground services include handling by Swissport, Menzies Aviation, and KLM Ground Services, while maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) activities involve companies such as Air France–KLM subsidiaries and independent firms connected to Rolls-Royce and GE Aviation. Operational resilience relies on coordination with Eurocontrol, European Aviation Safety Agency, and national regulators during events like strikes by unions representing personnel from FNV and VNV.
Terminals en passagiersdiensten
Passenger processing is organized around a central terminal building with piers and lounges operated by carriers including KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, British Airways, Lufthansa, Delta Air Lines, and Air France. Retail concessions feature businesses tied to Heinemann, Dufry, and Dutch brands such as Bijenkorf and Droog, plus hospitality by Sheraton and local operators. Passenger services integrate rail access via Nederlandse Spoorwegen and interlines with operators like Thalys and Eurostar (through connections), while security screening standards follow protocols from European Union aviation legislation and International Civil Aviation Organization guidance. VIP and business lounges are provided by airline alliances and independent operators such as Aspire Lounge and Noordwijk Business Lounge.
Vliegvelden en start-/landingsbanen
The aerodrome features multiple runways laid out to maximize throughput and all-weather operations, coordinated with LVNL and conforming to ICAO standards. Runway assignments accommodate narrowbody fleets like the Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 family as well as widebodies such as the Airbus A330, Boeing 777, and Boeing 787. Infrastructure projects have been shaped by environmental impact assessments involving European Commission directives and Dutch planning authorities, and have required liaison with Schiphol Police and Royal Netherlands Marechaussee for perimeter security and emergency response training with local hospitals like HMC Slotervaart.
Verkeer, bestemmingen en luchtvaartmaatschappijen
Schiphol functions as a major hub linking Europe, North America, Asia, Africa, and South America through scheduled services by KLM, Transavia, EasyJet, Turkish Airlines, Emirates, Qatar Airways, and Cathay Pacific. It handles passenger traffic flows influenced by seasonal demand to destinations including Barcelona, Madrid, Rome, Istanbul Airport, Dubai International Airport, JFK Airport, Los Angeles International Airport, Singapore Changi Airport, and Beijing Capital International Airport. The airport’s route network supports freight corridors between logistic centers such as Schiphol-Rijk and global cargo hubs like Seinajoki and Shanghai Pudong Airport, while alliances coordinate joint ventures and codeshares regulated under European Commission competition rules.
Veiligheid, beveiliging en milieu
Security operations follow frameworks from EU Aviation Security Committee and ICAO with screening by the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee and customs checks by Belastingdienst. Safety management systems align with EASA and national aviation law, while incident response is coordinated with Rijkswaterstaat and local fire brigades. Environmental measures include noise abatement programs involving Schiphol Overleg stakeholders, emission reduction initiatives tied to CORSIA and EU ETS, and sustainability projects promoting modal shift to rail under policies influenced by Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management.
Toegankelijkheid en vervoer naar/van de luchthaven
Ground access integrates rail services by Nederlandse Spoorwegen with direct connections to Amsterdam Centraal, Rotterdam Centraal, Utrecht Centraal, and international links to Brussels-South Railway Station via Thalys. Road access uses the A4 motorway and A9 motorway with coach services by FlixBus and local buses operated by Connexxion. Parking and drop-off arrangements are managed by Royal Schiphol Group in coordination with traffic authorities and regional planners from Haarlemmermeer Municipality and Province of North Holland to optimize access for passengers from Schiphol-Rijk business parks and surrounding municipalities.