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| Law on the New Territorial Organization of the Republic (NOTRe) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Law on the New Territorial Organization of the Republic (NOTRe) |
| Enacted | 2015 |
| Enacted by | François Hollande French Government |
| Status | in force |
Law on the New Territorial Organization of the Republic (NOTRe) is a 2015 French statute reforming the territorial framework of France, modifying competencies of regions, departments, and communes, and reshaping intercommunalities. Initiated during the presidency of François Hollande, the law followed earlier reforms such as the 2014 territorial reform and complements statutes like the MAPTAM law and the NOTRe law debates in the National Assembly and the Senate.
NOTRe emerged from debates involving actors such as Manuel Valls, Bernard Cazeneuve, and Matthias Fekl and legislative bodies including the Assemblée nationale and the Conseil constitutionnel. It followed antecedent measures including the 2010 French regional reform and the MAPTAM Act and was influenced by regional projects in Île-de-France, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, and Occitanie. Political groups like the Socialist Party, Les Républicains, and Front National contested aspects during committee stages in the Committee on Laws and plenary sessions.
NOTRe aimed to clarify competences among regions, departments, and communes; to strengthen strategic planning roles for regional councils such as in Hauts-de-France and Bretagne; and to rationalize intercommunal structures like communautés de communes and métropoles. Key provisions included reallocation of responsibilities in areas tied to transport, economic development, and environmental protection as administered by bodies such as the Regional Council of Île-de-France and the Metropolis of Lyon.
The law transferred competences for strategic planning and economic development to regions and reinforced mandatory competences for entities like communautés d'agglomération and communautés de communes. It delineated roles in sectors involving rail infrastructure, ports, and tourism with implications for regional authorities in Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Grand Est. Intercommunal councils, including those of Métropole du Grand Paris and Métropole de Lyon, saw expanded duties in spatial planning and coordination formerly held by departments or communes.
Municipalities such as Paris, Lyon, Marseille, and smaller communes faced redefined service provision responsibilities for areas including waste management, water services, and local transport. The law encouraged mergers and cooperative structures similar to the consolidation seen in Communes nouvelles projects and affected administrative entities like mayors and municipal councils, influencing governance models used in Dijon and Nantes.
NOTRe influenced budgetary flows involving the DGCL and fiscal transfers between regions, departments, and communes. Financial instruments such as the DGF and grants from the ANCT were re-evaluated to match new competences, impacting fiscal planning in territorial units like Bordeaux and Strasbourg and financial oversight by institutions such as the Cour des comptes.
Implementation required adjustments by prefectures including the Prefect networks and oversight by the Conseil d'État and the Constitutional Council when disputes arose. Legal challenges and appeals related to competence transfers and territorial boundaries involved entities such as the Council of State and regional administrations in Normandy and Corsica, and subsequent legislative tweaks were debated in the Parliament of France during follow-up measures.
Evaluations were conducted by research organizations including INSEE, CEREMA, and academic centers at universities like Sciences Po and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Studies assessed outcomes on territorial efficiency, intercommunal cooperation, and public service delivery in territories such as Alsace, Occitanie, and PACA. Analyses by think tanks like Institut Montaigne and Terra Nova examined NOTRe's effects on regional competitiveness, administrative complexity, and governance legitimacy.