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| Krigsmakten (Swedish Armed Forces) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Krigsmakten (Swedish Armed Forces) |
| Native name | Försvarsmakten |
| Established | 1922 (modern form 1994) |
| Country | Sweden |
| Allegiance | King of Sweden |
| Type | Armed forces |
| Role | National defence, international operations |
| Headquarters | Stockholm |
| Commander in chief | Government of Sweden |
| Minister | Minister for Defence |
| Commander | Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces |
| Manpower | Active and reserve |
| Conscription | Selective conscription reinstated 2017 |
| Website | Försvarsmakten |
Krigsmakten (Swedish Armed Forces) is the unified military organisation responsible for the defence of Sweden and participation in international operations. It traces organisational roots through the Swedish Armed Forces (pre-1994), the Allied powers era rearmament debates, and post-Cold War reforms. The force balances territorial defence with expeditionary commitments and is shaped by regional security dynamics involving NATO, the European Union, and neighbours such as Finland and Russia.
The roots of Krigsmakten lie in early modern institutions such as the Royal Swedish Army and the Royal Swedish Navy, which saw major campaigns like the Great Northern War and reforms after the Napoleonic Wars. Nineteenth-century developments included the Värmland Regiment traditions and innovations from figures like Gustavus Adolphus that influenced later doctrine. During the twentieth century, Sweden maintained neutrality through both World Wars while modernising through procurement debates involving companies such as Bofors and Saab AB. The Cold War prompted large-scale mobilisation structures inspired by incidents such as the U-137 (1981) grounding and political responses connected to the Social Democrats (Sweden). After the 1990s, downsizing followed by reorganisation under the Regeringen Persson and later the Regeringen Reinfeldt administrations culminated in the 1994 unified command and the 2017 reinstatement of selective conscription after the Crimea crisis (2014). Recent years have seen strategic shifts driven by incidents like increased Russian air activity, the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, and cooperative moves with NATO enlargement discourse.
Krigsmakten is led by the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces, reporting to the Minister for Defence (Sweden) and parliamentary bodies including the Riksdag. The organisation is divided into components: the Swedish Army, Swedish Air Force, Swedish Navy, and the Home Guard (Sweden), supported by the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration and the Swedish Defence Research Agency. Command is executed through regional commands such as Military Region North and specialised commands like Särskilda operationsgruppen. Logistics and procurement involve entities like FMV and industrial partners including Volvo Group and Ericsson. Civil–military coordination engages agencies such as the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency and legal frameworks governed by acts including the Defence Act (Sweden) series.
Personnel policies combine professional soldiers, conscripts, and reservists drawn from registers maintained by the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters. Selective conscription reinstated in 2017 led to recruitment processes anchored in institutions such as the Swedish Defence University and cooperation with municipal authorities. High-profile personnel include officers trained at the Military Academy Karlberg and specialist NCOs from the Officershögskolan. Medical and psychological screening follows standards influenced by NATO allied practices and international law exemplified by the Geneva Conventions. Gender integration policies reference directives from the Swedish Gender Equality Agency and initiatives tied to the United Nations gender mainstreaming efforts. Veteran affairs coordinate with the Swedish Pensions Agency and NGOs such as the Swedish Veterans' Federation.
Equipment portfolios feature land systems like the Stridsvagn 122 main battle tank and the CV90 infantry fighting vehicle, naval assets such as the Visby-class corvette and the Gotland-class submarine, and air platforms including the Saab JAS 39 Gripen and transport aircraft like the C-130 Hercules in historical service. Missile and air-defence capabilities involve systems from manufacturers such as SAAB and procurement of integrated solutions connecting to Patriot missile system discussions. Electronic warfare, cyber capabilities, and unmanned systems draw on research from the Swedish Defence Research Agency and partnerships with corporations like Leonardo S.p.A. and Thales Group. Logistics and sustainment utilise infrastructures at Karlskrona naval base and Luleå air stations, while munitions stockpiles are managed under protocols influenced by the Ottawa Treaty and export controls by the Inspectorate of Strategic Products (Sweden).
Krigsmakten has deployed forces to UN operations such as UNFICYP and UNPROFOR, EU missions like Operation Atalanta and NATO-led operations including contributions to ISAF in Afghanistan and partnerships in Baltic reassurance measures. Recent deployments have focused on regional deterrence in coordination with Finland and NATO exercises such as Trident Juncture and BALTOPS. Domestic operations include sovereignty patrols responding to incidents like the Hårsfjärden explosion and support to civilian agencies during crises exemplified by responses to natural disasters coordinated with the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency.
Doctrine draws on historical Swedish concepts of total defence and conscription-era manoeuvre doctrine influenced by studies from the Swedish Defence University and international interoperability standards promulgated by NATO Standardization Office documents. Training institutions include Military Academy Karlberg, Försvarshögskolan, and unit-level schools such as the Infantry Combat School (Sweden), with exercises held at ranges like Älvdalen and the Northern Military Region training areas. Doctrine publications reference lessons from conflicts like the Gulf War and peacekeeping experiences in the Balkans and integrate cyber doctrine informed by incidents investigated by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency.
Krigsmakten engages bilaterally and multilaterally with partners including NATO, the European Union Military Staff, Nordic neighbours through the Nordic Defence Cooperation (NORDEFCO), and bilateral ties with United States Department of Defense and United Kingdom Ministry of Defence. Multinational units and exercises involve formations such as the Multinational Corps Northeast and initiatives like the European Air Transport Command. Research and procurement partnerships include collaboration with Saab AB, Bofors, and academic links to KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Uppsala University. Arms export and legal frameworks intersect with bodies like the European External Action Service and debates in the Riksdag.
Category:Military of Sweden Category:Defence agencies of Sweden