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| KLHK (Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Indonesia)) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ministry of Environment and Forestry |
| Native name | Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan |
| Formed | 2014 (merger) |
| Jurisdiction | Indonesia |
| Headquarters | Jakarta |
| Minister | Siti Nurbaya Bakar |
| Website | (official) |
KLHK (Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Indonesia)) is the Indonesian cabinet-level ministry responsible for environmental protection, forestry management, and natural resource stewardship across the Republic of Indonesia. It administers policies affecting Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and the Papua region, coordinating with provincial administrations such as Aceh. The ministry was formed by merging preceding institutions and operates within the framework of laws like the Law on Forestry (1999) and the Environmental Protection and Management Law (2009).
The ministry traces roots to the Ministry of Agriculture (Indonesia), the Ministry of Forestry (Indonesia), and the Ministry of Environment (Indonesia), with the merger formalized during the administration of Joko Widodo in 2014. Earlier milestones include conservation actions following the Asian financial crisis of 1997, disaster responses after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, and shifts after the 1997 Southeast Asian haze. Leadership such as Siti Nurbaya Bakar and predecessors influenced post-New Order reforms tied to decentralization after the Reformasi era. The ministry’s evolution reflects engagements with international events including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity.
KLHK is organized into directorates general that coordinate technical and policy functions across sectors including the Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (DG PHKA), Directorate General of Climate Change, and Directorate General of Sustainable Forest Management. Its hierarchy aligns with presidential offices such as the Cabinet of Indonesia and connects to agencies like the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, and regional governments such as the East Kalimantan provincial government. The organizational chart includes specialized units that liaise with international institutions like the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and multilateral funds including the Green Climate Fund.
KLHK’s mandate encompasses implementation of laws including the Environmental Protection and Management Law (2009) and the Law on Forestry (1999), oversight of state forests such as Kawasan Hutan}}, administration of timber licensing linked to the Timber Legality Verification System, and coordination of reforestation programs in areas like Kalimantan and Riau province. It is charged with biodiversity stewardship involving sites such as Gunung Leuser National Park, Komodo National Park, and Lorentz National Park, and with addressing transboundary issues exemplified by the Southeast Asian haze. The ministry also interfaces with market mechanisms exemplified by initiatives like REDD+ and carbon trading under Paris Agreement commitments.
Policy instruments include strategic plans implemented through programs for peatland restoration in Riau, mangrove rehabilitation in South Sulawesi, and fire prevention linked to the Peatland Rehabilitation Agency (BRG). The ministry runs programs to combat illegal logging that interact with the European Union Timber Regulation and timber certification schemes such as Forest Stewardship Council initiatives. KLHK administers incentives and sanctions under national instruments including moratoria influenced by the 2011 Indonesia forest moratorium and integrates disaster risk reduction practices associated with the National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB).
KLHK manages a network of protected areas including Ujung Kulon National Park, Gunung Leuser National Park, and Tanjung Puting National Park, coordinating research with institutions like the Bogor Institute of Agriculture (IPB) and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). It enforces protection for endemic species such as the Javan rhinoceros, Sumatran tiger, and orangutan, while collaborating with NGOs like World Wildlife Fund and Conservation International. The ministry’s zoning and management plans draw on practices from international protected-area frameworks like the IUCN categories and the Ramsar Convention for wetlands such as those in Berbak National Park.
Enforcement activities include permitting, compliance monitoring, and prosecution coordinated with the Attorney General of Indonesia and law enforcement agencies including the National Police (Indonesia). Regulatory mechanisms address pollution incidents in industrial regions such as Jakarta and hazardous spills affecting coasts near Balikpapan. KLHK uses satellite monitoring tools and collaborates with academic partners at University of Indonesia and Gadjah Mada University to detect deforestation and fire hotspots, and it participates in international enforcement networks alongside agencies like the Interpol Environmental Crime Programme.
KLHK represents Indonesia in multilateral forums including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiations, the Convention on Biological Diversity conferences, and regional mechanisms like the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on the Environment. It implements international financing arrangements with actors such as the Green Climate Fund, bilateral partnerships with countries including Norway, Japan, and Australia, and participates in voluntary commitments under the Paris Agreement and REDD+ frameworks. The ministry also engages in transboundary haze mitigation with neighboring states through ASEAN instruments like the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution.
Category:Government ministries of Indonesia Category:Environment of Indonesia Category:Forestry in Indonesia