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| National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB) | |
|---|---|
| Name | National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB) |
| Native name | Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana |
| Formation | 26 January 2008 |
| Headquarters | Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Jurisdiction | Republic of Indonesia |
| Chief1 name | (See Organization and Leadership) |
| Website | (official) |
National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB) The National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB) is Indonesia's central Jakarta-based agency responsible for coordinating national responses to natural and man-made tsunami, Mount Merapi, and Mount Merbabu crises, working alongside regional entities such as Provincial Disaster Management Agency counterparts and international partners like the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. BNPB evolved from earlier disaster institutions connected to events like the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami and engages with scientific institutions such as the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency and the LIPI to strengthen Indonesia's resilience against hazards including volcanic eruption, earthquake, flooding, and landslide.
BNPB was established in response to lessons from the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami and predecessors including the Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi Aceh dan Nias and civil protection units active during the 1997 Southeast Asian haze episodes. Its legal formation in 2008 followed national debates influenced by disasters like the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake and policy processes involving the People's Consultative Assembly and the House of Representatives (Indonesia), aligning with international frameworks such as the Hyogo Framework for Action and later the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Early leadership engaged with agencies like the Ministry of Health (Indonesia), Ministry of Social Affairs (Indonesia), and the National Police of Indonesia to professionalize response after high-casualty events including Sidoarjo mud flow and recurrent Jakarta floods.
BNPB's organizational structure comprises divisions for preparedness, mitigation, response, rehabilitation, logistics, and public communications, interfacing with provincial and municipal bodies like the BPBD DKI Jakarta and BPBD Aceh. Leadership roles have been held by officials appointed by the President of Indonesia and confirmed through presidential decrees, often coordinating with ministers from the Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia), Ministry of Defense (Indonesia), and technical agencies such as the Geological Agency (Badan Geologi). BNPB maintains specialized units for disaster mapping, early warning cooperation with the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), and search and rescue liaison with organizations like the Basarnas and international teams such as INSARAG. It also engages with academic partners including University of Indonesia, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Gadjah Mada University, and research institutes like the Research Center for Disaster Mitigation, ITB.
BNPB operates under national statutes enacted after major disasters and executive regulations linked to the Constitution of Indonesia and laws such as the Law on Disaster Management (Law No. 24/2007). Its mandate includes coordinating national disaster risk reduction and response activities, mobilizing resources across ministries including the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (Indonesia), Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia), and interacting with international legal instruments referenced by Indonesia such as agreements administered by the United Nations and regional bodies like the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (AHA Centre). BNPB's authority encompasses emergency declaration protocols, activation of national logistics chains involving State Logistics Agency (Bulog), and statutory coordination with the National Disaster Management Council and provincial governors.
BNPB leads nationwide initiatives including community-based preparedness in collaboration with NGOs such as Palang Merah Indonesia, Mercy Corps, CARE International, and World Vision. Programs emphasize early warning systems linked to the BMKG and the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia, hazard mapping with the Geological Agency, and school- and village-level drills modeled after international practices from UNICEF and UNDRR. Mitigation projects have included structural retrofitting funded in partnership with the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank, ecosystem-based approaches working with Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Indonesia) and conservation groups like WWF Indonesia, plus urban flood management with municipal engineering teams and research centers at ITB and Universitas Diponegoro.
In operations, BNPB coordinates multi-agency deployments including search and rescue by Basarnas, medical teams from Ministry of Health (Indonesia), logistics from Bulog, and security support from the Indonesian National Armed Forces. Major responses have involved partnerships with international responders such as USAID, European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations, and bilateral missions from countries including Japan, Australia, United States, and China. BNPB maintains incident command protocols compatible with international mechanisms like INSARAG and humanitarian coordination systems overseen by OCHA and uses field hospitals, staging areas, and rapid needs assessment teams drawn from universities and NGOs to manage relief in events like the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami and the 2010 Mount Merapi eruption.
BNPB functions as a national nerve center linking domestic institutions—Ministry of Social Affairs (Indonesia), Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia), Ministry of Communications and Informatics (Indonesia), provincial BPBDs—and international networks such as AHA Centre, UN OCHA, International Red Cross movement, and multilateral development banks. It partners with research organizations including LIPI, BRIN, BMKG, and universities for risk analysis, and with civil society groups like JKM and community resilience networks. Regional cooperation includes disaster diplomacy engagements with neighbors through ASEAN forums and bilateral memoranda with countries such as Japan International Cooperation Agency, Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), and Korea International Cooperation Agency.
BNPB's funding derives from national budget allocations approved by the Ministry of Finance (Indonesia) and legislative oversight by the House of Representatives (DPR), supplemented by donor funding from institutions such as the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and bilateral aid agencies including JICA and USAID. Resource allocations cover early warning infrastructure, logistics stockpiles, emergency funds, and capacity building with procurement often coordinated with agencies like Bulog and technical ministries for infrastructure reconstruction. Financial transparency and audit interactions involve the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK) and reporting channels to the Presidential Office (Indonesia).
Category:Disaster management in Indonesia