Jason (oceanography program)
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Jason (oceanography program) is an oceanographic research program focused on remotely operated vehicles, deep-sea exploration, and marine science that combines engineering, oceanography, and robotics to study the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and polar regions such as the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean. The program supports expeditions, technology development, and educational outreach linking institutions like Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, and agencies including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Naval Research, and National Science Foundation.
Overview
The program centers on deep-submergence vehicles and remotely operated vehicles developed with input from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, University of Washington, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Caltech, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, University of Rhode Island, Texas A&M University, University of Southampton, and industry partners such as General Dynamics, Raytheon, Lockheed Martin, Saab Seaeye, Schilling Robotics, and Kongsberg Maritime. It intersects with programs and projects like the Alvin (submersible), Jason-1 (satellite), Jason-2, Jason-3, Argo (oceanography), NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer, RV Atlantis (AGOR-25), RV Knorr (AGOR-15), and RV Polarstern.
History and Development
Early development drew expertise from institutions including Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, University of California, Santa Cruz, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Naval Research Laboratory, Office of Naval Research, National Science Foundation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, British Antarctic Survey, and researchers such as Robert Ballard, Jacques Piccard, Don Walsh, Sylvia Earle, Walter Munk, Fred Spiess, W. Richard Peltier, and Kenneth H. Nealson. Technological milestones referenced work from Bell Laboratories, General Dynamics, Schilling Robotics, and academic labs at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, Cornell University, and Princeton University.
Instruments and Technology
The program uses remotely operated vehicles and associated sensors built with components from firms and labs such as Kongsberg Maritime, Tektronix, National Instruments, GE, Honeywell, Schilling Robotics, Furuno, Bluefin Robotics, Hydroid, Hydroacoustic Technology, Inc., and academic groups at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, MIT, Caltech, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. Onboard instrumentation includes multibeam sonar systems similar to those used by NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer, optical cameras designed by teams associated with NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, manipulator arms comparable to those on Alvin (submersible), CTD rosettes developed at Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, ADCPs produced by Teledyne RD Instruments, samplers akin to Niskin bottle hardware, and chemical sensors inspired by research at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Operations and Missions
Field operations have taken place from platforms including RV Atlantis (AGOR-25), RV Knorr (AGOR-15), NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer, RV Polarstern, RRS Sir David Attenborough, RV Investigator, RV Tangaroa, RV Revelle (AGOR-24), RV Neil Armstrong (AGOR-27), RV Marcus G. Langseth, RV Roger Revelle, and military auxiliary vessels associated with United States Navy, Royal Navy, and international research fleets. Missions address topics connected to events and locations such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Titanic wreck, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, East Pacific Rise, Juan de Fuca Ridge, Mariana Trench, Hydrothermal vents, Black Smoker, Challenger Deep, Galápagos Rift, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Bermuda Rise, Hess Deep, Puerto Rico Trench, and Ross Sea.
Scientific Contributions and Applications
Research outputs contribute to studies in marine geology and geophysics related to plate tectonics, mid-ocean ridges, seafloor spreading, and investigations connected with scientists and institutions such as Marie Tharp, Bruce Heezen, Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis, Francis Birch, Harry Hess, Tuzo Wilson, Marie Tharp, Robert S. Dietz, Vine and Matthews, and Wegener. Biological and ecological discoveries relate to work by Sylvia Earle, Eugenie Clark, Ruth Turner, Karl Turekian, Daniel Pauly, J. Frederick Grassle, and labs at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, and MBARI. Climate and oceanographic applications connect to Argo (oceanography), TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 (satellite), Jason-2, Jason-3, SeaWiFS, AVHRR, GRACE, ICES, IPCC, Paleoclimatology, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, and modelers at Princeton University, MIT, Columbia University, University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, Imperial College London, ETH Zurich, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
Organizational Structure and Funding
Administration and oversight have involved partnerships among Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Department of Energy, United States Navy, European Commission, Natural Environment Research Council, Australian Research Council, Canadian Space Agency, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association, and philanthropic foundations such as the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Simons Foundation, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, National Geographic Society, The Rockefeller Foundation, and Carnegie Institution for Science.
Notable Collaborations and Partnerships
Collaborations extend to institutions and programs including Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, NOAA, NASA, Office of Naval Research, NSF, European Space Agency, European Commission Horizon 2020, NERC, CSIRO, JAMSTEC, CNRS, Max Planck Society, University of Washington, MIT, Stanford University, University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, Imperial College London, Kongsberg Maritime, Schilling Robotics, Bluefin Robotics, Hydroid, Teledyne Technologies, General Dynamics, Raytheon, Lockheed Martin, and science outreach organizations such as the National Geographic Society, Smithsonian Institution, BBC Natural History Unit, TED Conferences, PBS, PBS Nova, and The New York Times.