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| IEC 15118 | |
|---|---|
| Name | IEC 15118 |
| Subject | Electric vehicle charging communication protocol |
| Status | Published |
IEC 15118 IEC 15118 is an international standard defining communication between electric vehicles and charging stations for plug-in electric vehicle charging, including messages for charging control, user authentication, and energy management. The standard integrates aspects of vehicle-to-grid interactions with grid services, enabling interoperability among automotive manufacturers, charging point operators, and energy providers. It interacts with related frameworks, regulatory bodies, and technical specifications across the automotive, energy, and telecommunication sectors.
IEC 15118 sits at the intersection of automotive technology, energy infrastructure, and information security, aligning with stakeholders such as Renault, BMW, Volkswagen Group, Nissan, Tesla, Inc., General Motors, Ford Motor Company, Hyundai Motor Company, Kia Corporation, Stellantis, Toyota Motor Corporation, Honda Motor Co., Ltd., Volvo Cars, Jaguar Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz Group, Audi AG, Porsche AG, FCA US LLC, BYD Company and standards organizations like International Electrotechnical Commission, ISO/IEC JTC 1, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, SAE International, and National Institute of Standards and Technology. Stakeholders include utilities such as E.ON, EDF, Iberdrola, Enel, RWE, Duke Energy, Southern Company, and grid operators including Elia (TSO), TenneT, National Grid plc, Amprion, Red Eléctrica de España, Terna (TSO). The standard complements vehicle regulations referenced by UNECE WP.29, EU Clean Vehicles Directive, California Air Resources Board, China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and interacts with protocols such as ISO 15118, IEC 61851, OCPP, Mennekes, CHAdeMO, GBT (China).
IEC 15118 specifies a layered architecture covering Service Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, and Physical Layer interactions, interfacing with components produced by companies like Siemens, ABB, Schneider Electric, Bosch, Continental AG, Delphi Technologies, Magna International, Denso Corporation, Mitsubishi Electric, Hitachi, Panasonic Corporation, LG Electronics and chip vendors such as NXP Semiconductors, Infineon Technologies, STMicroelectronics, Qualcomm, Intel Corporation. It addresses wired and bidirectional charging topologies that integrate with microgrids in projects led by Schneider Electric SE, Siemens AG, ABB Group, Tesla Powerwall deployments and distributed energy resources coordinated with entities like Iberdrola Innovación, Enel X. Architectural patterns reference cryptographic modules and secure elements tested under regimes associated with Common Criteria, FIPS 140-2, EMVCo, and conformance testbeds coordinated with institutions like Fraunhofer Society, TÜV Rheinland, UL Solutions, VDE.
IEC 15118 defines communication exchanges including session setup, charging schedule negotiation, meter values, and charging termination using data models influenced by ISO 4217, IEC 61850 naming conventions, and message encodings leveraging SOAP, XML, TCP/IP, TLS, and application profiles tested against deployments by E-Mobility Service Providers such as ChargePoint, EVgo, Ionity, Electrify America, Greenlots, NewMotion, Allego, BP Pulse, Shell Recharge, TotalEnergies and municipal pilots in Los Angeles, Berlin, Amsterdam, Shanghai, Tokyo, Seoul, London, Paris, Rome, Barcelona, Stockholm. Message flows coordinate billing identifiers used by systems from Visa Inc., Mastercard Incorporated, SWIFT, SEPA, Open Charge Point Interface integrations by back-end platforms from Siemens Mobility, Hitachi Energy.
Security mechanisms in IEC 15118 rely on public key infrastructures and certificate management ecosystems akin to Let's Encrypt models but operationalized for vehicular PKI by consortia such as CharIN, ENCS (European Network for Cyber Security), Auto-ISAC, ETSI. Authentication modalities reference standards and organizations including X.509, RFC 5246, IEEE 802.1X, OAuth 2.0, SAML, and cryptographic algorithms standardized by NIST, IETF, ISACA, with testing and certification performed by bodies like BIS (India), BSI (Germany), ANSSI (France). Methods for Plug & Charge and secure firmware updates are paralleled by processes used in ISO 26262 functional safety and coordinated with UNECE WP.29 cybersecurity regulations.
The standard defines implementation profiles (e.g., Core, Extended, V2G) and feature sets enabling services such as Plug & Charge, smart charging, and bidirectional charging enabling vehicle-to-grid (V2G) use cases demonstrated in projects by Nissan Leaf V2G pilots, Nuvve, ENGIE, EDF Energy and research programs at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Imperial College London, Technical University of Munich, Delft University of Technology, Tsinghua University, University of California, Berkeley, ETH Zurich, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Vendor stacks and conformance suites are developed by Green Energy Providers, OEM labs, and testing firms like Intertek, DEKRA, SGS.
Development was driven through technical committees and working groups within International Electrotechnical Commission TC 69 collaboration involving experts from CharIN, SEDCOM', ISO/IEC JTC 1, CEN, CENELEC, influenced by initiatives such as EU Green Deal, Horizon 2020, Horizon Europe, SMART Grid European Technology Platform, with major milestones aligning to automotive product roadmaps from Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance, Volkswagen Group Electrification Strategy, BMW i, Mercedes-EQ. Incremental versions have been harmonized with regional certification frameworks like CE marking, UL Listing, CCC (China Compulsory Certificate), and were published alongside complementary standards produced by IEC TC 69, IEC TC 57, and ISO/IEC JTC 1 subcommittees.
Adoption spans OEMs, charging network operators, utilities, aggregators, and fleet operators including deployments by Iberdrola, Enel X Way, EDF Renewables, IONITY, ChargePoint Holdings, Inc., EVBox, Siemens AG Mobility, DB Regio, Deutsche Bahn, UPS, DHL, Amazon Logistics and municipal fleets in Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Transport for London, RATP Group, City of Oslo, City of Copenhagen. Use cases include residential charging, public fast charging corridors along initiatives like Trans-European Transport Network, vehicle-to-grid pilot programs funded under Horizon 2020 grants, demand response services to TSOs such as National Grid ESO, TenneT, Elia System Operator, and integration into energy marketplaces operated by EPEX SPOT, Nord Pool, ENTSO-E.
Category:International Electrotechnical Commission standards