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| Government of Maranhão | |
|---|---|
| Name | Maranhão |
| Native name | Estado do Maranhão |
| Capital | São Luís |
| Largest city | São Luís |
| Government form | Federative unit of Brazil |
| Governor | Carlos Brandão |
| Vice governor | Ana Paula Lobato |
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly of Maranhão |
| Judiciary | Tribunal de Justiça do Maranhão |
| Established | 10 August 1889 |
| Area km2 | 331983.3 |
| Population | Maranhão |
Government of Maranhão The public administration of Maranhão operates within the constitutional framework of Brazil and the federal pact established by the 1988 Constitution of Brazil, integrating state powers with municipal governments such as São Luís, Imperatriz, Timon, Caxias, and Bacabal. State institutions coordinate with federal bodies including the Presidency of the Republic of Brazil, the Ministry of Health (Brazil), the Ministry of Education (Brazil), the Federal Police (Brazil), and the Supreme Federal Court to implement policies and regulate public services across regions like the Amazonas, Northeast Region, Brazil, and neighboring states Piauí, Tocantins, Pará, and Bahia.
Maranhão's institutional architecture mirrors the tripartite model shaped after the 1988 Constitution of Brazil with separation of powers among the Governor of Maranhão, the Legislative Assembly of Maranhão, and the Tribunal de Justiça do Maranhão. The state interacts with federal entities such as the National Congress of Brazil, the Federal District, the Supreme Federal Court, and the Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil) while coordinating with municipal councils like the Municipal Chamber of São Luís and regional agencies including the Superintendence of Development of the Amazon (SUDAM), the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES)], and the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA). Administrative divisions comprise mesoregions and microregions defined by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and localities like Alcântara, Bacabeira, Barra do Corda, Codó, and Pinheiro.
The executive is headed by the Governor of Maranhão, elected alongside the Vice Governor of Maranhão and administrating through state secretariats analogous to federal ministries such as the Ministry of Health (Brazil), Ministry of Education (Brazil), and the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Brazil). Governors coordinate with presidents like Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and former presidents such as Michel Temer and Jair Bolsonaro on intergovernmental programs, and maintain relations with entities including the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), and the National Education Development Fund (FNDE). Executive offices manage policy implementation in urban centers like São Luís and regional hubs such as Imperatriz, and engage with legislative committees from the Legislative Assembly of Maranhão and federal ministries including the Ministry of Regional Development (Brazil).
The unicameral Legislative Assembly of Maranhão enacts state laws and exercises oversight via deputies elected from constituencies across Maranhão, interacting with national bodies like the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) and the Federal Senate (Brazil). Committees within the Assembly conduct inquiries similar to those in the National Congress of Brazil, coordinate with the State Public Prosecutor's Office (Ministério Público Estadual), and consider budgets aligned to the Budgetary Guidelines Law (Brazil) and fiscal rules from the Federal Revenue Service (Brazil). Political parties represented include Workers' Party (Brazil), Brazilian Social Democracy Party, Progressistas (Brazil) and regional coalitions that liaise with leaders such as Flávio Dino and Roseana Sarney across municipalities like Caxias and Timon.
The state's judiciary is centered on the Tribunal de Justiça do Maranhão which adjudicates civil and criminal matters and interfaces with federal tribunals such as the Regional Federal Court of the 1st Region and the Supreme Federal Court. State judges follow procedural codes from the National Council of Justice and coordinate enforcement with agencies including the Civil Police (Brazil), the Military Police (Brazil), and the Public Defender's Office (Brazil). Specialized courts and jurisdictions address administrative litigation, family law, and labor issues linking to institutions like the Superior Labor Court and the Constitutional Court where constitutional questions may be escalated to the Supreme Federal Court.
State secretariats (secretarias estaduais) in Maranhão mirror federal ministries—examples include the Secretariat of Health, Secretariat of Education, Secretariat of Security, and Secretariat of Infrastructure—working with federal counterparts such as the Ministry of Infrastructure (Brazil), Ministry of Health (Brazil), Ministry of Education (Brazil), and agencies like the National Indigenous Foundation (FUNAI). Administrative agencies implement programs in sectors affected by legislation from the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) and regulatory norms set by bodies like the Federal Revenue Service (Brazil), the National Telecommunications Agency (ANATEL), and the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP). Intergovernmental forums include the Confederação Nacional de Municípios and regional consortia with neighboring states and municipalities such as Imperatriz and Balsas.
Budgeting follows rules from the Fiscal Responsibility Law (Brazil) with revenues from state taxes, transfers from the Union (Brazil), and allocations from programs like the Fundo de Participação dos Estados (FPE). The Legislative Assembly approves the state budget (Lei Orçamentária Anual) and oversight involves the Court of Accounts of the State of Maranhão, modeled after the Tribunal de Contas da União. Fiscal policy coordinates with financial institutions such as the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES), the Central Bank of Brazil, and federal programs like the Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento while managing expenditures in social sectors influenced by federal norms from the Ministry of Health (Brazil) and Ministry of Education (Brazil).
State policies encompass health initiatives coordinated with the Sistema Único de Saúde and education programs aligned with the Ministry of Education (Brazil) and universities such as the Federal University of Maranhão and the State University of Maranhão (UEMA). Public security strategies align with federal operations by the Federal Police (Brazil) and programs from the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Brazil), while development projects engage the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and funders like the World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank. Environmental and land-use policies involve agencies such as IBAMA, FUNAI, and the National Institute for Space Research, affecting territories like the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park and municipalities including Alcântara and São José de Ribamar.
Category:Politics of Maranhão