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| Gerindra (political party) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Gerindra |
| Native name | Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya |
| Founded | 2008 |
| Leader | Prabowo Subianto |
| Ideology | Nationalism |
| Headquarters | Jakarta |
| Country | Indonesia |
Gerindra (political party) is an Indonesian political party founded in 2008 that became a major force in national politics by the 2014 and 2019 legislative elections. The party is closely associated with Prabowo Subianto, a former Indonesian National Armed Forces officer and presidential candidate who previously served in the cabinets of Suharto-era figures and competed against candidates from Golkar and the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle in national contests. Gerindra has contested provincial contests such as those in Jakarta, West Java, and Central Java and has positioned itself as an alternative to establishment parties like Democratic Party (Indonesia) and National Awakening Party.
Gerindra was formed by a group of politicians led by Prabowo Subianto after the dissolution of the New Order (Indonesia)-era power structure and the reconfiguration of parties such as Golkar and United Development Party. The party registered with the General Elections Commission (Indonesia) ahead of the 2009 legislative election and first entered the People's Representative Council after winning seats in that contest. Gerindra expanded its presence in the 2014 legislative election while backing Prabowo's presidential bid against Joko Widodo; following the 2019 presidential election rematch between Prabowo and Widodo, Gerindra negotiated coalition arrangements with parties including Great Indonesia Movement Party allies and former rivals in the Onward Indonesia Coalition. The party's trajectory has included alliances with parties such as Democratic Party (Indonesia), Golkar, and regional actors in provinces like Aceh and North Sumatra.
Gerindra describes itself through themes associated with Indonesian nationalism, invoking symbols and narratives from the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence and the legacy of figures like Sukarno and Suharto in different rhetorical registers. The party emphasizes positions on sovereignty related to maritime claims in the Natuna Islands and resource management in East Kalimantan, advocating developmentalist policies similar to those promoted by regional administrations in Riau and South Sulawesi. On social issues the party has engaged with constituencies influenced by organizations such as Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, while framing economic proposals in terms resonant with policy debates that involved actors like Bank Indonesia, Pertamina, and PT Freeport Indonesia.
Gerindra's leadership has been dominated by Prabowo Subianto, who has held the party chairmanship and served as its presidential nominee; other prominent figures have included politicians who previously served in cabinets with ties to Megawati Sukarnoputri-era networks and provincial leaders from West Java and Banten. The party's organizational structure follows patterns similar to other Indonesian parties registered with the General Elections Commission (Indonesia), maintaining provincial and district branches across major population centers such as Jakarta, Surabaya, Medan, and Makassar. Party organs include a central board and commissions that coordinate with legislative caucuses in the People's Representative Council and local assemblies like the Jakarta Regional People's Representative Council.
Gerindra emerged as a significant parliamentary force by winning representation in the 2009 Indonesian legislative election, expanding its share in the 2014 Indonesian legislative election and consolidating seats in the 2019 Indonesian legislative election. The party's performance has influenced presidential contests in 2014 and 2019 where Prabowo faced Joko Widodo and formed post-election coalitions involving parties such as Golkar and National Mandate Party. At the regional level Gerindra has competed in gubernatorial races in provinces including Banten, West Sumatra, and Central Kalimantan, and has contested mayoral races in municipalities like Surabaya and Bandung.
Gerindra advocates policies emphasizing national sovereignty and protection of strategic industries, often referencing state-owned companies such as Pertamina and Perusahaan Listrik Negara in programmatic statements. The party supports stronger maritime defense in waters near the South China Sea and the Natuna Islands, and has promoted infrastructure initiatives akin to projects in Kalimantan and the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road. Economic proposals have included advocacy for agrarian reform in regions like Lampung and industrial revitalization similar to strategies pursued in Banten and Central Java. On foreign policy Gerindra has articulated stances toward neighbors including China and partners like Australia and Japan.
Gerindra and its leadership have been subject to controversy and criticism related to Prabowo's military past during the New Order (Indonesia) and allegations raised by human rights organizations such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International. The party's political alliances and shifts—particularly negotiations with parties such as Golkar and National Mandate Party—have drawn scrutiny from analysts linked to institutions like CSIS (Indonesia) and commentators in media outlets including Kompas and The Jakarta Post. Electoral disputes in contests involving Gerindra candidates have been adjudicated by bodies such as the Constitutional Court of Indonesia and monitored by observers from organizations like the Asian Network for Free Elections.