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| Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford | |
|---|---|
| Name | Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford |
| Established | 1438 |
| Location | Oxford, England |
| College | All Souls College, Oxford |
| Notable | See list |
Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford
All Souls College, Oxford fellows constitute the body of scholars attached to All Souls College, Oxford, historically central to collegiate life at Oxford and to institutions across Britain and the British Isles. The fellowship has been associated with figures linked to the University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, British Museum, House of Commons, House of Lords, Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, European Court of Human Rights, United Nations, NATO, Bank of England and numerous universities, courts, libraries and learned societies. Fellows have played roles in events such as the English Civil War, Glorious Revolution, World War I, World War II, and the Cold War.
All Souls College was founded by Henry VI and Henry Chichele in 1438, and its fellows have included clerics from the Church of England, statesmen from the Tudor dynasty, jurists influenced by the Magna Carta, and scholars involved with the Enlightenment. Early fellows engaged with patrons such as William of Wykeham and worked in institutions like the Royal Society and the Bodleian Library. During the Victorian era fellows intersected with figures from the Oxford Movement, the Cambridge Apostles, and the British Empire administration in contexts such as the Raj. Twentieth-century fellows contributed to debates surrounding the League of Nations, the Marshall Plan, and the reconstruction after World War II.
Fellowship categories have included Resident Fellows, Research Fellows, Emeritus Fellows, Prize Fellows and Honorary Fellows, with elections at times linked to examinations, nominations, and statutes dating to the reforms under William Pitt the Younger and later statutes influenced by precedent from the Judicature Act 1873 era. Prize Fellowships (often called the Trial or Examination Fellowship) have been awarded through competitive examinations and interviews, analogous in profile to elections to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and appointments at the Institut de France. Elections have sometimes involved references from institutions such as the British Academy, the Royal Society of Literature, and the Society of Antiquaries of London.
Fellows have served as professors and lecturers at the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, the London School of Economics, Harvard University, Princeton University, Yale University, and other global universities. They have held chairs including the Regius Professorship of Civil Law, the Professor of Poetry, the Chichele Professor of Economic History, and the Waynflete Professorship of Metaphysical Philosophy. Administrative roles have included the Warden of All Souls College, bursars, and positions within the Oxford University Press, the BBC, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and the Ministry of Defence. Fellows have also been judges in institutions such as the International Court of Justice and the European Court of Justice.
Historically prominent fellows have included jurists and statesmen associated with the House of Commons and the House of Lords; scholars connected to the Cambridge Apostles, the Bloomsbury Group, and the Inklings; and writers, economists and scientists affiliated with the Royal Society, the British Academy, and the Royal Geographical Society. Famous individuals who were fellows or closely associated with All Souls connections include A. J. P. Taylor, T. E. Lawrence, Herbert Butterfield, Isaiah Berlin, A. L. Rowse, T. S. Eliot, F. R. Leavis, E. H. Carr, C. S. Lewis, John Walton (bishop), William Blackstone, John Selden, Henry Sidgwick, Arthur Goodhart, William Beveridge, H. L. A. Hart, Ronald Dworkin, Octavia Hill, G. M. Trevelyan, Christopher Hill, J. L. Austin, Roger Scruton, Peter Strawson, Michael Dummett, Stephen Greenblatt, Derek Parfit, Mary Beard, Anthony Kenny, John Finnis, A. C. Grayling, Jeremy Waldron, Adam Smith (influence), John Locke (influence), Edward Gibbon (influence), David Hume (influence), James Mill (influence), John Maynard Keynes, Friedrich Hayek (influence), Karl Popper, Bertrand Russell, Alfred North Whitehead, Isaac Newton (influence), Adam Ferguson, Thomas Hobbes (influence), Edmund Burke, William Gladstone, Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Margaret Thatcher (influence), G. E. Moore, Ludwig Wittgenstein, John Rawls and Hannah Arendt (influence). Lesser-known but significant fellows have included legal scholars linked to the Judges' Rules, archivists of the Public Record Office, and economists advising the Treasury.
All Souls fellows historically enjoyed dining rights in the college chapel and hall, access to the college library and archives including materials from the Bodleian Library and the British Library collections, and voting rights in college governance. Traditions such as the Examination Fellowship (the "Exam"), choral services tied to the Book of Common Prayer, and ceremonial interactions with the Warden reflect links to ceremonies like those at Christ Church, Oxford and collegiate rituals akin to those at Trinity College, Cambridge. Privileges have sometimes paralleled appointments to learned societies including the Royal Society and the British Academy.
Controversies have arisen over gender and religious restrictions, reforms prompted by statutes influenced by the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, and debates about the role of fellows in public life during crises such as the Suez Crisis and the Iraq War. Other disputes involved the governance of college endowments during periods linked to financial institutions such as the Bank of England and calls for transparency resembling reforms in the Higher Education Act 2004 era. Reforms in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries addressed eligibility, diversity, and accountability, echoing broader institutional changes seen at the University of Oxford, the University Grants Committee, and national bodies such as the Charity Commission for England and Wales.
Category:All Souls College, Oxford Category:Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford