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| Favela da Maré | |
|---|---|
| Name | Favela da Maré |
| Native name | Maré |
| Country | Brazil |
| State | Rio de Janeiro |
| Municipality | Rio de Janeiro |
| Settlement type | Complexo de favelas |
Favela da Maré Maré is a large complex of neighborhoods in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, formed by multiple informal communities clustered near the Avenida Brasil and the Guanabara Bay shoreline. The complex lies adjacent to formal neighborhoods such as Ramos, Penha, and Piedade, and is intersected by major infrastructure including the BR-101 corridor and the Complexo da Maré railway station on the SuperVia network. Maré has been the focus of urban policy initiatives by the Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro, security interventions involving the Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, and civil society campaigns led by organizations such as Observatório de Favelas and Grupo Cultural AfroReggae.
The origins of Maré trace to early 20th-century settlement patterns connected to labor flows for projects like the Port of Rio de Janeiro expansion and the construction of Avenida Brasil during the Vargas Era. Throughout the 20th century, migration from the Northeast Region (Brazil) — including states like Bahia, Pernambuco, and Alagoas — fed population growth alongside internal displacement from projects such as Vale do Anhangabaú redevelopments. During the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Maré featured in public security narratives tied to confrontations involving groups like Comando Vermelho, Terceiro Comando Puro, and episodes connected to the Pacifying Police Units (UPP) initiative. Urban interventions by the Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro and federal programs such as the Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento shaped infrastructure investments, while grassroots networks like Associação de Moradores da Maré advocated during legal cases filed in the Supremo Tribunal Federal and municipal courts.
Maré comprises a network of discrete communities, often called bairros, including Conjunto Esperança, Parque União, Maré de Baixo, Maré de Cima and Bairro do Manguinhos, arranged along transport axes like Avenida Brasil and the Linha Amarela corridor. The area borders water bodies including the Guanabara Bay and sits on reclaimed swampy terrain similar to zones in Ilha do Governador and Cacuia. Urban planners from institutions such as the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and the Fundação Getulio Vargas have mapped Maré's topography, drainage channels, and the impact of projects like the Porto Maravilha revitalization on local land use. The community layout reflects informal parceling processes scrutinized in studies by the Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada and the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.
Population estimates for Maré vary across censuses by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística and local surveys by Instituto Pereira Passos, with diverse origins including migrants from Nordeste (Brazil), residents of Baixada Fluminense, and descendants of Afro-Brazilian communities linked to regions such as Recôncavo Baiano. Age distributions mirror national patterns documented by the Ministério da Saúde and the Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância, while household compositions have been the subject of social research by the Centro de Estudos da Metrópole and NGOs like Casa dos Direitos Humanos. Religious practices include adherents of Roman Catholic Church (Brazil), Assemblies of God, and Afro-Brazilian traditions connected to institutions such as Ilê Aiyê and cultural centers like Casa das Pretas.
Local economies in Maré are driven by informal commerce, microenterprises, and service work tied to nearby logistics nodes like the Port of Rio de Janeiro and the Rodoviária Novo Rio region. Residents find employment in sectors represented by unions such as the Central Única dos Trabalhadores and industries including construction firms contracted through programs like the Minha Casa Minha Vida housing initiative. Community-led cooperatives and social enterprises supported by organizations like SEBRAE and Instituto Criar operate alongside small-scale retail, motorcycle taxi services regulated by the Detrans-RJ, and cultural economy actors linked to groups such as AfroReggae and ONG Redes da Maré. Income variability and labor precarity have attracted academic attention from the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro and research institutes like the Observatório das Metrópoles.
Maré has been central to law-enforcement operations conducted by units of the Polícia Civil do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Força Nacional de Segurança Pública, and at times the Exército Brasileiro during declared public security crises. The area experienced conflicts involving criminal factions including Comando Vermelho, Terceiro Comando Puro, and splinter groups, precipitating interventions such as the establishment of Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora and later police actions under the Programa Estadual de Segurança Pública. Human-rights organizations like Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and Brazil's Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Minorias have documented allegations of abuses, prompting oversight by the Minister of Justice (Brazil) and judicial review by the Superior Tribunal de Justiça.
Health services in Maré include clinics participating in the Sistema Único de Saúde network, with public health campaigns coordinated by the Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro and partner institutions such as Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz)]. Education facilities liaise with the Secretaria Municipal de Educação do Rio de Janeiro and NGOs like Projeto Axé and Instituto Aliança do Bem to offer programs complementing municipal schools administered under laws such as the Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Infrastructure projects funded by federal mechanisms including the Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social and municipal budgets have addressed sanitation, drainage, and electrification, sometimes involving technical support from the Empresa Municipal de Moradia, Urbanização e Saneamento.
Maré hosts a vibrant cultural scene with music, dance, and theater initiatives linked to collectives such as AfroReggae, Maré Vive, and Circo Crescer e Viver. Cultural producers collaborate with festivals like Festival do Rio and institutions including the Museu da República and the Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil to showcase works by local artists. Community organizations — for example, Associação de Moradores da Maré, Fórum de Segurança Pública das Favelas, and Redes da Maré — engage in advocacy, participatory budgeting processes with the Conselho Municipal de Habitação, and public policy dialogues with agencies such as the Ministério das Cidades. Research centers including the Observatório de Favelas and the Instituto de Estudos Socioeconômicos document cultural production, memory projects, and urban resilience strategies rooted in networks connecting Maré to wider movements across Rio de Janeiro and Brazil.
Category:Favelas in Rio de Janeiro (city)