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| Enquête Emploi | |
|---|---|
| Name | Enquête Emploi |
| Country | France |
| Administered by | National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies |
| First conducted | 1962 |
| Frequency | Annual |
| Sample size | ~100,000 |
| Methodology | Household interview survey |
Enquête Emploi is a French household labor-force survey conducted to measure employment, unemployment, and labor-market characteristics across metropolitan France and French overseas departments and territories. It informs statistical series used by institutions such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Labour Organization, and the European Union via Eurostat. Policymakers in administrations including the Ministry of Labour and regional bodies like Île-de-France rely on its estimates alongside inputs from agencies such as the Banque de France and the Direction de la Recherche, des Études, de l'Évaluation et des Statistiques.
The survey provides standardized measures comparable with instruments such as the Labour Force Survey (UK) and the Current Population Survey (United States), contributing to indicators used by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the International Labour Organization. It complements administrative datasets from institutions like the Pôle emploi registry and fiscal records maintained by the Direction générale des Finances publiques. Researchers at universities including Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Sciences Po, and École des hautes études en sciences sociales use Enquête Emploi microdata for studies alongside work from think tanks such as Institut Montaigne and OFCE.
The instrument traces roots to post-war statistical modernization programs inspired by bodies like the United Nations and the OECD. Early waves reflected methodologies similar to surveys run by the US Census Bureau and the Office for National Statistics; subsequent reforms aligned it with the International Labour Organization definitions established in conventions negotiated in Geneva. Major redesigns occurred following methodological reviews by teams from INSEE and international collaborators including experts from Eurostat and academics at Université Paris Nanterre. Revisions in the 1990s and 2000s incorporated standards promoted by the European Statistical System and recommendations from the Conference of European Statisticians.
Field operations use stratified multistage sampling frameworks comparable to those employed by the Current Population Survey (United States) and the Labour Force Survey (UK), deploying interviewers trained under protocols inspired by the World Health Organization survey standards. Questionnaires draw on definitions negotiated with bodies such as the International Labour Organization and coding schemes compatible with the International Standard Classification of Occupations and the Nomenclature statistique des activités économiques dans la Communauté européenne. Data collection combines face-to-face interviews, computer-assisted personal interviewing technologies developed by firms partnering with institutions like Orange S.A. and Capgemini, and, more recently, web questionnaires influenced by practices in the European Social Survey. Sampling weights and variance estimation use techniques discussed in literature from the Royal Statistical Society and methodological guidance from the UN Statistical Commission.
Core variables include labor status categories aligned with International Labour Organization definitions, hours worked comparable to metrics from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, occupation coded to the ISCO taxonomy, sectoral activity relating to classifications in the NACE framework, and demographic attributes such as age, sex, and education using standards set by the UNESCO International Standard Classification of Education. Income and earnings modules complement datasets like those produced by the European Central Bank for household finance analysis. Supplementary modules have covered topics investigated by scholars at institutions like CNRS and INED, including commuting patterns referenced in studies from RATP and SNCF planners.
Published series inform headline indicators reported alongside macroeconomic aggregates from the Banque de France and national accounts produced by INSEE. Trends tracked include unemployment rates comparable to those issued by the International Labour Organization and employment-population ratios used in cross-country comparisons by the OECD. Historical analyses link structural shifts to events such as the 1973 oil crisis, the Great Recession (2007–2009), and the COVID-19 pandemic, with researchers from Université Paris Dauphine and Aix-Marseille Université publishing cohort studies using the survey. Sectoral employment changes have been evaluated in relation to policies enacted by ministries including the Ministry of Labour (France) and regulatory shifts involving institutions like the European Commission.
Methodological comparators include the Labour Force Survey (UK), the Current Population Survey (United States), and the Australian Bureau of Statistics labor surveys; crosswalks use harmonization protocols advocated by Eurostat and the International Labour Organization. Unlike administrative registers such as Pôle emploi datasets and social security records from the URSSAF, Enquête Emploi captures informal work and underemployment via interviewer-administered questionnaires, similar to approaches used in the European Social Survey and the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Academic comparisons often reference longitudinal household panels like the French Longitudinal Study of Children and international cohorts such as the German Socio-Economic Panel.
Outputs support policy formation in cabinets led by figures from parties including La République En Marche!, Les Républicains, and Parti Socialiste, informing reforms debated in the Assemblée nationale and the Senate (France). Findings have guided wage and employment policy interventions coordinated with bodies like the European Commission and implemented by agencies such as Pôle emploi and the Ministry of Labour (France). Academic and NGO analyses by organizations including Human Rights Watch and Fondation Jean-Jaurès have used the survey to assess labor-market inequality, while international organizations like the OECD and the World Bank reference its indicators in country reports and technical assistance missions.
Category:Surveys in France