This article was accepted into the corpus but its outbound wikilinks were never NER-processed — typical at the deepest BFS hop or when the run's entity cap was reached. No expansion funnel to show.
| Enabling Open Scholarship | |
|---|---|
| Name | Enabling Open Scholarship |
| Focus | Open access, open data, scholarly communication |
Enabling Open Scholarship
Enabling Open Scholarship promotes transparent, accessible, and reusable scholarly practices across research communities; it intersects with Wellcome Trust, Horizon Europe, Plan S, OpenAIRE and SPARC while engaging stakeholders such as National Institutes of Health, European Commission, Royal Society and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. It aims to align incentives across institutions like Harvard University, University of Oxford, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University and University of California, Berkeley to support practices endorsed by Creative Commons, CrossRef, ORCID, DOAJ and COAR.
Open scholarship encompasses practices that make research outputs discoverable, accessible, and reusable, involving initiatives such as Open Access, Open Data, Open Peer Review, open-source software and preprint servers like bioRxiv, arXiv, SSRN, medRxiv and OSF Preprints. It spans stakeholders from funders like Wellcome Trust, National Science Foundation, European Research Council, Gates Foundation and UK Research and Innovation to publishers including Elsevier, Springer Nature, Wiley, Taylor & Francis and PLOS. Scope covers policies set by bodies such as Plan S, Horizon Europe, NIH Public Access Policy, FAIR Principles, Budapest Open Access Initiative and Berlin Declaration on Open Access.
Policy frameworks use mandates, rewards and compliance mechanisms from organizations like Wellcome Trust, Gates Foundation, European Commission, NIH and NSF alongside institutional repositories at Harvard University, MIT, University of Cambridge, University of Oxford and University of Toronto. Incentives include recognition via ORCID identifiers, metrics from CrossRef, altmetrics from Altmetric (company), citation indexes like Web of Science and Scopus, and tenure guidelines updated by bodies such as AAUP and Research England. Policy tools reference legal frameworks like Creative Commons, Berne Convention, EU Copyright Directive, US Copyright Act and General Data Protection Regulation.
Technical infrastructure comprises repositories and platforms such as Zenodo, Figshare, Dryad, Dataverse, DSpace and EPrints integrated with services from CrossRef, DataCite, ORCID, OpenAIRE and COAR. Tools for reproducible workflows include GitHub, GitLab, Jupyter Notebook, RStudio, Docker and Binder while preservation involves organizations like Portico, CLOCKSS, Internet Archive and LOCKSS. Discovery and indexing rely on aggregators such as Google Scholar, CORE, BASE and Semantic Scholar in concert with standards from FAIR Principles, Schema.org, PROV and RDF.
Open data initiatives coordinate repositories and standards from DataCite, Dryad, Figshare, Zenodo and Dataverse with domain-specific archives like GenBank, PDB, UK Data Service, ICPSR and European Nucleotide Archive. Licensing and sharing leverage Creative Commons licenses, CC0, ODC-By and policy agreements from NIH Public Access Policy, Horizon Europe and Plan S while ethical governance interacts with General Data Protection Regulation, Declaration of Helsinki, US Common Rule and institutional review boards at Harvard University, Stanford University and University of Oxford. Reusable materials draw on resources such as Rosetta Stone, Addgene, GitHub, Protocol Exchange and Benchling.
Capacity building is delivered through programs at Coursera, edX, FutureLearn, The Carpentries, ELIXIR and university initiatives at University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, MIT and Harvard University. Training covers stewardship with actors like DataONE, UK Data Service, INTERNET Archive and Research Data Alliance and pedagogy from AAAS, Royal Society and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Professional development links to certification and microcredentialing by ORCID, CrossRef, DataCite, ELIXIR and FAIRsharing.
Barriers arise from commercial paywalls operated by Elsevier, Springer Nature, Wiley, Taylor & Francis and John Wiley & Sons and from resource disparities among institutions like Harvard University, University of Lagos, University of Cape Town, Peking University and University of São Paulo. Technical and cultural challenges include metadata gaps addressed by CrossRef, DataCite and ORCID, funding constraints involving Wellcome Trust, NIH, European Commission and Gates Foundation, and legal complexities tied to EU Copyright Directive, General Data Protection Regulation and national laws in United States, United Kingdom, China, India and Brazil. Equity concerns intersect with initiatives by UNESCO, Global South, Research4Life, INASP and World Bank.
Notable examples include mandates by Plan S partners and Wellcome Trust leading to shifts at publishers like PLOS, Springer Nature, Elsevier and institutions such as European Research Council, Harvard University and University of Oxford; infrastructure innovations like arXiv, bioRxiv, Zenodo, Figshare and Dataverse enabling rapid dissemination; and projects like Human Genome Project, COVID-19 pandemic responses coordinated through WHO, CEPI, GISAID and NIH demonstrating the value of open sharing. Evaluations by Royal Society, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, European Commission and UNESCO document impacts on transparency, reuse and collaboration across networks including ELIXIR, OpenAIRE and Research Data Alliance.