This article was accepted into the corpus but its outbound wikilinks were never NER-processed — typical at the deepest BFS hop or when the run's entity cap was reached. No expansion funnel to show.
| CINDY/DYNAMO | |
|---|---|
| Name | CINDY/DYNAMO |
| Dates | 2011–2012 |
| Location | Indian Ocean, Maritime Continent |
| Organizers | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; UK Met Office; Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology |
| Objectives | Study of Madden–Julian Oscillation initiation and tropical convection |
| Platforms | Shipboard observatories; research aircraft; radars; buoys; radiosondes; satellites |
CINDY/DYNAMO
CINDY/DYNAMO was a coordinated multinational field campaign in the tropical Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent region focused on the initiation and propagation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation. The campaign involved in situ and remote sensing assets from agencies including National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, and the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, and was designed to provide process-level observations to improve prediction by centers such as the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and the Japanese Meteorological Agency.
CINDY/DYNAMO aimed to address gaps identified by climate and weather modeling communities including the World Meteorological Organization and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change regarding the Madden–Julian Oscillation, convective organization, and air–sea interaction. Primary objectives linked to operational centers such as the National Weather Service, Bureau of Meteorology (Australia), and the India Meteorological Department included observing pre-onset convective disturbances, documenting mesoscale convective systems, and constraining parameterizations used by models developed at Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Met Office Hadley Centre, and the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. The campaign connected observational priorities emphasized by programs like Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere and Global Energy and Water Exchanges.
The design integrated platforms and sensors employed by agencies and institutions including NOAA research vessels, NASA aircraft, and land-based sites coordinated with facilities such as the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Instrumentation included Doppler radars similar to those used by NEXRAD networks, Ka- and C-band systems used in ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement) deployments, microwave sounders analogous to those on Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit satellites, and shipborne flux measurement systems comparable to arrays operated by TAO/TRITON and RAMA. Radiosonde launches were coordinated with protocols used by the Global Observing System and linked to satellite overpasses from platforms like Aqua (satellite), TRMM, GPM, and MetOp to enable joint retrievals and validation.
Operations were staged from bases in the Maldives, Diego Garcia, and ports used by research ships with logistics coordinated among Office of Naval Research, Indian Navy, and civil aviation authorities such as Federal Aviation Administration and Civil Aviation Administration of China where appropriate for transit. Campaign phases incorporated intensive observing periods informed by forecasts from centers such as ECMWF, Japan Meteorological Agency, and NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction, and relied on flight planning procedures similar to those used in TOGA COARE and VAMOS missions. Collaboration included institutions like University of Miami, Colorado State University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and University of Reading for analysis and instrument operation.
Analyses produced by teams from NCAR, NOAA, NASA, and international universities demonstrated links between low-level moisture preconditioning, equatorial wave activity described in work by Madden and Julian, and subsequent convective onset. Results informed understanding of mesoscale convective system organization previously studied in GATE and TOGA COARE, and refined hypotheses posed by researchers at Princeton University and University of Hawaii. Studies showed important roles for surface flux variability, mixed layer dynamics consistent with findings from Scripps Institution of Oceanography investigators, and upscale interactions comparable to processes analyzed in Monsoon Intraseasonal Variability literature. Model evaluation papers compared performance of suites from ECMWF, Met Office, NOAA GFS, and research models at GFDL and MIT demonstrating systematic errors tied to convective parameterizations and moist process representation.
CINDY/DYNAMO outcomes influenced forecast centers including ECMWF, NOAA, and Japan Meteorological Agency through improved initialization strategies and parameterization development. The campaign contributed observational constraints used in intercomparison projects managed by WCRP and informed subsequent field efforts like DYNAMO follow-on studies and planning by agencies such as NASA and NOAA. Academic impact is reflected in publications from investigators at University of Washington, Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, and University of Oxford, and in training of early-career researchers supported by programs at NSF and national research councils including UK Research and Innovation.
Data stewardship followed practices promoted by World Data Center principles and utilized repositories and portals associated with NASA Earthdata, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, and institutional archives at University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Metadata standards adhered to conventions used by GCMD and facilitated cross-use with satellite datasets from MODIS, CloudSat, and AIRS. Open access to key datasets enabled reanalysis and assimilation experiments by modeling groups at ECMWF, NOAA, and research labs at NOAA ESRL and NCAR.
Category:Field campaigns Category:Tropical meteorology