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| Bombardier Regina | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bombardier Regina |
| Manufacturer | Bombardier Transportation |
| Yearservice | 2000 |
| Operator | SJ, MTR, Allegro, VR |
| Carbody | Aluminium |
| Maxspeed | 200–250 km/h |
| Gauge | 1435 mm |
Bombardier Regina is a family of Swedish high-speed and regional multiple-unit trains produced by Bombardier Transportation for operators in Northern and Central Europe. Designed during the late 1990s and introduced into service in the 2000s, the Regina platform was intended to provide fast intercity, regional, and airport services competing with contemporaries like the Siemens Velaro, Alstom Coradia and Stadler FLIRT. The Regina influenced rolling stock procurement across operators including Statens Järnvägar (SJ), VR Group, MTR Corporation and international joint ventures such as the Allegro between Finland and Russia.
Development began as a collaboration between Bombardier and Swedish stakeholders including Statens Järnvägar (SJ), Banverket and regional authorities in Stockholm and Gothenburg to replace aging fleets like the Rc series and X2000. The Regina's aluminium monocoque carbody drew upon lightweight construction practices used by Bombardier Transportation plants in Hallein and Krefeld, while bogie design and active suspension were influenced by research at KTH Royal Institute of Technology and testing at the SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden. Aimed at reducing maintenance and improving energy efficiency, the train employed distributed traction akin to designs by Siemens and Alstom, and incorporated crashworthiness concepts from European Committee for Standardization regulations and UIC recommendations. Customer requirements from SJ AB and regional agencies led to multiple seating arrangements, modular interior fittings, and compatibility with electrification systems used in Sweden, Finland, Russia, and parts of Central Europe.
Regina sets are built with aluminium alloy car bodies, air suspension bogies, and three-phase asynchronous traction motors controlled by power electronics influenced by ABB and Siemens Mobility inverters. Typical formations range from four to nine cars, with articulated and non-articulated options derived from Bombardier Flexx family concepts. Maximum service speeds are generally 200 km/h for regional variants and up to 220–250 km/h for high-speed sets specified by operators such as SJ and the consortium operating the Allegro service. Electrical systems include 15 kV 16.7 Hz and 25 kV 50 Hz variants compatible with Scandinavian and continental networks, with onboard transformers and automatic changeover equipment similar to systems used by ÖBB and SNCF. Passenger amenities include HVAC systems, real-time passenger information derived from standards used by Strukton and Veolia Transport, and accessibility features reflecting legislation adopted by the European Union and transport authorities in Finland and Sweden.
Multiple derivatives were produced to satisfy operators: - SJ X55/X55E regional high-speed sets ordered by Statens Järnvägar (SJ) for intercity routes including Malmö–Stockholm and Gothenburg–Stockholm corridors. - X40 family versions tailored for regional services used by SJ Regional and local authorities in Västra Götaland. - Two cross-border Allegro sets modified for 1,520 mm gauge and signalling used between Helsinki and Saint Petersburg operated under a Finnish–Russian agreement with design input from VR Group and RZD. - Customized sets for MTR Corporation and private operators adopting regional configurations influenced by procurement in Denmark and Norway. Operators include SJ AB, VR Group, joint ventures including Allegro, regional transit agencies in Sweden and international lessees engaged through Deutsche Bahn-style frameworks.
The Regina entered passenger service in the early 2000s, displacing older locomotive-hauled stock on busy intercity and regional corridors such as Stockholm Central Station–Malmö Central Station and services radiating from Gothenburg Central Station. Deployment involved cooperation with infrastructure managers like Trafikverket and timetable coordination with national operators including SJ and VR Group. The fleet supported major events including increased traffic for UEFA Euro 2008 preparatory movements and cross-border initiatives tied to accession of new EU member states, working alongside international operators such as DB Fernverkehr and standards bodies like UIC. Upgrades over time included in-service retrofits for onboard systems compatible with ETCS and regional traffic management projects led by Banverket successors.
Regina sets have been involved in notable incidents, prompting investigations by national accident boards including the Swedish Accident Investigation Authority and Trafikverket safety branches. Collisions, derailments, and infrastructure-related events led to inquiries assessing crash energy management, signalling interoperability with national systems such as ATC and PZB comparisons, and revision of maintenance practices influenced by reports from agencies like SJ and Russian Railways (RZD). Findings influenced subsequent technical modifications, operator training programs affiliated with institutions such as KTH Royal Institute of Technology and regulatory changes aligned with European Union Agency for Railways recommendations.
While most Regina sets remain in active service, select units have attracted interest from preservationists and railway museums such as the Swedish Railway Museum for documentation of early 21st-century rolling stock evolution. The Regina family contributed to design trends influencing later multiple-unit projects by Bombardier Transportation, Siemens and Alstom, and its platform informed procurement strategies in Scandinavia and the Baltic region coordinated via bodies like Interreg and national transport ministries. The Regina's mix of lightweight construction, distributed traction, and modular interiors is cited in academic studies at KTH Royal Institute of Technology and technical literature produced by IEEE and Institution of Mechanical Engineers as a reference for regional high-speed train design.
Category:High-speed trains Category:Bombardier Transportation rolling stock