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| Bolboschoenus | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bolboschoenus |
| Regnum | Plantae |
| Unranked divisio | Angiosperms |
| Unranked classis | Monocots |
| Ordo | Poales |
| Familia | Cyperaceae |
| Genus | Bolboschoenus |
Bolboschoenus Bolboschoenus is a genus of perennial, rhizomatous sedges in the family Cyperaceae known for tufted stems and tuberous rhizomes. Species have been studied in the contexts of wetland conservation, agriculture, ecology, biogeography and ethnobotany. Research on Bolboschoenus connects to institutions such as the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Smithsonian Institution, Kew Gardens and universities including University of California, Davis, University of Cambridge, and University of Queensland.
The genus was historically treated within broad concepts of Cyperus and revised with molecular studies involving researchers affiliated with Natural History Museum, London, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the National Museum of Natural History (France). Taxonomic work references type specimens deposited at herbaria such as Herbarium Berolinense, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, and Missouri Botanical Garden. Nomenclatural decisions cite codes administered by the International Botanical Congress and follow principles used by curators at New York Botanical Garden. Species delimitations have been influenced by authors linked to Linnaeus, George Bentham, Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, and 19th–21st century monographers at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Australian National Herbarium.
Members are characterized by triangular culms, inflorescences with spikelets, and often globose tubers on rhizomes; morphological descriptions are comparable to treatments in floras such as Flora Europaea, Flora of North America, Flora of Australia, and regional manuals produced by U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Diagnostic characters were refined in comparative analyses by researchers at Smithsonian Institution and Kew Gardens using herbarium specimens from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Natural History Museum, London. Vegetative traits are used in keys published by university presses including Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press.
The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution with species recorded across Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, and parts of South America, with notable records in regions studied by expeditions associated with James Cook, Alexander von Humboldt, and later surveys by teams at CSIRO and the U.S. Geological Survey. Habitats include saline and brackish marshes, freshwater wetlands, estuaries, and disturbed shoreline sites mapped in atlases from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and national flora projects funded by agencies such as the European Union and National Science Foundation (United States). Occurrence data are aggregated by institutions like Global Biodiversity Information Facility and curated datasets from Australian National Botanic Gardens.
Bolboschoenus species reproduce both vegetatively via tubers and sexually through wind-mediated pollination; reproductive ecology has been examined in studies published by researchers affiliated with University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, University College London, and Stockholm University. Populations interact with fauna documented by organizations including International Union for Conservation of Nature, Ramsar Convention, and national wildlife agencies such as United States Fish and Wildlife Service and Natural England; these interactions include use by waterfowl, invertebrates, and wetland mammals observed in field studies by the British Trust for Ornithology and Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Disturbance regimes such as grazing, fire, and hydrological alteration—addressed in policy by European Commission and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers—affect life history traits described in ecological syntheses from Yale University and Princeton University.
Traditional uses have been recorded in ethnobotanical surveys conducted by scholars at Smithsonian Institution, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and universities including University of Sydney and University of Tokyo; tubers have been used as starch sources by indigenous peoples described in works referencing Māori culture, Aboriginal Australians, and native tribes of North America. Bolboschoenus appears in agroecological research at Wageningen University and University of California, Davis for wetland restoration and phytoremediation projects funded by bodies such as the European Research Council and National Institutes of Health (United States). Cultural references occur in local histories compiled by institutions like the National Trust (United Kingdom) and regional museums including the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History.
Conservation status varies by jurisdiction with assessments by IUCN Red List, national red lists maintained by agencies such as Environment Agency (England), Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Threats include habitat loss from urban development, agriculture, and hydrological projects overseen by authorities like the European Commission and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, as well as invasive species studied by researchers at the Invasive Species Specialist Group and CSIRO. Conservation actions have been implemented through programs coordinated by Ramsar Convention, Natura 2000, and local conservation NGOs including the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and The Nature Conservancy.
Category:Cyperaceae genera