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| Binh Dinh Province | |
|---|---|
| Name | Binh Dinh Province |
| Native name | Tỉnh Bình Định |
| Settlement type | Province |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | Vietnam |
| Region | South Central Coast |
| Capital | Qui Nhơn |
| Area total km2 | 6,016.6 |
| Population total | 1,486,000 |
| Population as of | 2020 |
| Timezone | Indochina Time |
Binh Dinh Province is a coastal province in the South Central Coast of Vietnam with a capital at Qui Nhơn. Historically a frontier of the Dai Viet polity and the Champa Kingdom, the province has been shaped by interactions among Nguyen lords, Trinh lords, Nguyen Dynasty, and colonial powers such as French Indochina. Its coastal position on the South China Sea and proximity to the Annamite Range makes it strategically significant for trade, culture, and military history linked to events like the Vietnam War and earlier conflicts such as the Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút.
The region was part of the maritime polity of Champa with archaeological ties to the Mỹ Sơn sanctuary and the kingdom's rulers including the Po Nagar tradition and the ruling houses encountered by Marco Polo. After expansion by the Dai Viet under Ly dynasty and Tran dynasty influence, the area became contested during the rise of the Nguyen lords and the rivalry with the Trinh lords, featuring uprisings such as the Tay Son Rebellion led by figures like Nguyen Hue (later Emperor Quang Trung). During the colonial era, the province fell under French Indochina administrative reforms and saw infrastructural projects tied to the Tonkin-South Annam Railway and ports that attracted companies like the Compagnie française des chemins de fer and mercantile firms operating in Saigon. In the 20th century, Binh Dinh was affected by the First Indochina War and the Vietnam War, with operations conducted by units from the Army of the Republic of Vietnam and the People's Army of Vietnam, and involvement by United States Armed Forces elements during campaigns such as Operation Masher/White Wing. Post-1975 reforms under the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Doi Moi economic policy transformed land use, industry, and administrative boundaries.
The province spans coastal plains, alluvial deltas, and uplands of the Annamite Range, adjoining provinces including Phu Yen, Gia Lai, Quang Ngai, Kon Tum, and Lam Dong in regional maps by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Major rivers such as the Côn River and tributaries support rice cultivation and fisheries that connect to the South China Sea maritime routes documented in charts used by the Vietnam Maritime Search and Rescue Coordination Center. The climate is monsoonal with influences from the Southwest Monsoon, Northeast Monsoon, and periodic tropical cyclones tracked by the Vietnam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration. Coastal ecosystems include coral reefs and mangrove fringes studied by institutions like the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology and conservation programs by the World Wide Fund for Nature in regional initiatives.
Administratively the province is divided into Qui Nhơn city and several districts such as An Nhơn, Tuy Phước, Tây Sơn, Phù Cát, Vân Canh, Hoài Nhơn, Hoài Ân, and An Lão, following legislative frameworks set by the National Assembly of Vietnam. Provincial governance interfaces with ministries headquartered in Hanoi like the Ministry of Home Affairs and links to regional planning agencies such as the Ministry of Planning and Investment for development projects including industrial parks and special economic zones.
The economy blends agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, manufacturing, and services with key crops like rice and cash crops marketed through cooperatives registered with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Industrial zones around Qui Nhơn host firms in petrochemicals, cement, and shipbuilding tied to corporations such as the Petrovietnam group and regional suppliers from Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City. The port at Qui Nhơn Port connects to trade lanes serving Laos, Cambodia, and the wider ASEAN market, while foreign direct investment is facilitated through trade missions coordinated by the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Tourism and fisheries contribute alongside small- and medium-sized enterprises supervised by the Ministry of Industry and Trade.
The population comprises ethnic Vietnamese (Kinh) and minorities including Chăm people and groups of Bahnar-related communities in the highlands, with census data collected by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Religious life features Buddhism, Caodaism, Roman Catholicism, and indigenous Cham practices centered on temples and communal houses like the Miếu and Đình in village networks cataloged by the Vietnam National Museum of History. Social services, public health initiatives, and education are administered through provincial branches of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education and Training, with higher education institutions such as Quy Nhon University contributing to regional human capital.
The province preserves Cham towers like Thap Doi Quy Nhon and sites associated with the Tay Son heroes memorialized at the Binh Dinh Museum and monuments referencing figures such as Nguyen Hue. Cultural expressions include Bình Định martial arts (Võ Bình Định), folk music ensembles, and traditional crafts exhibited at festivals comparable to national events under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. Beaches such as Ky Co and historical attractions tied to colonial architecture draw domestic visitors from Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City as well as international tourists arriving via carriers operating routes to Phu Cat Airport.
Transport networks center on National Route 1A, connections to the North–South Railway, and the Phu Cat Airport which links to hubs like Tan Son Nhat International Airport and Noi Bai International Airport. Port infrastructure at Qui Nhơn Port supports container and bulk traffic with investments coordinated by the Ministry of Transport and logistics firms active in Hai Phong and Da Nang. Road upgrades, electrification projects tied to Vietnam Electricity grids, and telecommunications expansion by operators such as VNPT and Viettel are part of national development plans implemented locally.