National Assembly of Vietnam
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| National Assembly of Vietnam | |
|---|---|
| Name | National Assembly of Vietnam |
| Native name | Quốc hội Nước Cộng hoà Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam |
| Legislature | 15th National Assembly |
| House type | Unicameral |
| Founded | 1946 |
| Leader1 type | Chairman |
| Leader1 | Vũ Tiến Lộc |
| Party1 | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| Members | 499 |
| Last election | 23 May 2021 |
| Meeting place | Ba Đình Hall, Hanoi |
National Assembly of Vietnam is the unicameral legislature of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Established in 1946, it serves as the highest organ of state power under the Constitution of 2013 and its predecessors. The body convenes plenary sessions in Hanoi, enacts laws, ratifies international agreements, approves budgets, and exercises oversight of state institutions such as the President of Vietnam, Government of Vietnam, and Supreme People's Court of Vietnam.
History
The assembly traces origins to the 1946 Vietnamese National Assembly convened after the Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the 1946 Vietnamese National Assembly election. During the First Indochina War and the Geneva Conference (1954), assemblies met under wartime conditions influenced by the Communist Party of Vietnam leadership. After the Vietnam War and reunification under the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, the legislature evolved through the 1975 Reunification and adoption of the 1980 Constitution of Vietnam and later the 1992 Constitution of Vietnam and 2013 Constitution of Vietnam. Major legislative milestones include land law reforms following the Đổi Mới economic reforms initiated at the 6th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam and membership adjustments after the 2001 electoral law reforms.
Constitutional role and powers
Under the 2013 Constitution of Vietnam, the assembly is the highest representative body with authority to enact laws, amend the constitution, and decide national policies including ratification of treaties such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations and bilateral accords with China–Vietnam relations partners. It appoints and dismisses officials including the Prime Minister of Vietnam, State President of Vietnam, and members of the Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam. The assembly has budgetary authority over the State Budget of Vietnam and supervises implementation of policies by holding hearings with ministries like the Ministry of Public Security (Vietnam), Ministry of National Defence (Vietnam), and Ministry of Finance (Vietnam).
Composition and election
The assembly's members are deputies elected from provinces and centrally governed municipalities such as Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Hai Phong, and Can Tho. Elections are governed by the Electoral Law (Vietnam), with nominations organized by the Vietnam Fatherland Front and mass organizations including the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Vietnam Women's Union, and labor unions. Deputies include members of the Communist Party of Vietnam and non-party candidates from groups such as the Vietnam General Confederation of Labour and independent figures. The assembly size and tenure reflect provisions from past conferences like the 11th National Assembly election (2002), 13th National Assembly election (2011), and 14th National Assembly election (2016).
Organization and committees
The assembly elects leadership including the Chairman of the National Assembly and standing bodies such as the Standing Committee of the National Assembly. Internal committees address specialized policy areas: the Committee on Justice, Committee on Economic Affairs, Committee on Finance and Budget, Committee on Social Affairs, and Committee on Science, Technology and Environment. Secretariat functions coordinate with institutions like the Office of the National Assembly and liaison offices in provincial authorities including the People's Committees of Vietnam. Periodic inter-parliamentary engagement occurs with bodies such as the Inter-Parliamentary Union and delegations from the National People's Congress (China) and the United States Congress.
Legislative process
Legislation can be proposed by deputies, the Government of Vietnam, the President of Vietnam, the Supreme People's Court of Vietnam, or the Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam. Bills progress through readings in plenary sessions, review by relevant committees such as the Committee on Legal Affairs, and are subject to public consultation facilitated by ministries and the Vietnam Fatherland Front. Once passed, laws are promulgated by the President and implemented by ministries like the Ministry of Justice (Vietnam). The assembly also enacts resolutions on national plans such as the Five-year plans (Vietnam) and approves major projects promoted by state-owned enterprises including Vietnam Oil and Gas Group and Vietnam Electricity.
Relationship with the Communist Party of Vietnam
The assembly operates within the political framework led by the Communist Party of Vietnam as articulated in party congress resolutions from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam and directives of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Party structures such as the Commission for Organization and Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam influence nominations, policy priorities, and coordination with state organs including the Government of Vietnam and Ministry of Defence (Vietnam). High-ranking party members frequently serve as deputies and hold leadership positions, aligning assembly activity with programs set at the National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam and administered through the Ho Chi Minh Thought ideological framework.