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| BR-352 | |
|---|---|
| Country | Brazil |
| Type | BR |
| Route | 352 |
| Length km | 762 |
| Direction a | North |
| Terminus a | Salvador, Bahia |
| Direction b | South |
| Terminus b | Porto Alegre |
| States | Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul |
BR-352
BR-352 is a federal highway in Brazil linking key urban centers and ports across multiple states from a northeastern terminus near Salvador, Bahia toward a southern terminus in Porto Alegre. The route traverses diverse landscapes including the Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Mata Atlântica and pampas, connecting industrial hubs, agricultural regions, and maritime infrastructure. BR-352 intersects with major highways such as BR-101, BR-116, BR-262 and passes near airports like São Paulo/Guarulhos–Governador André Franco Montoro International Airport and Porto Alegre – Salgado Filho International Airport.
BR-352 begins near Salvador, Bahia and proceeds southwest, crossing the state of Bahia toward the southern border with Minas Gerais. Along its corridor it serves municipalities including Feira de Santana, Vitória da Conquista, and Guanambi. Entering Minas Gerais, BR-352 approaches cities such as Belo Horizonte and Uberaba before skirting the vicinity of Curvelo and Juiz de Fora. The highway continues into Espírito Santo providing access to Vitória and industrial zones near Cachoeiro de Itapemirim. Crossing Rio de Janeiro state, it connects with routes to Rio de Janeiro and Niterói, then traverses São Paulo with links to São Paulo, Campinas, and Santos. In Paraná the alignment reaches agricultural municipalities like Londrina and Maringá, and enters Santa Catarina near Joinville, finally reaching Porto Alegre in Rio Grande do Sul after passing through Caxias do Sul and Pelotas. The corridor provides multimodal interfaces with ports including Port of Santos, Port of Rio de Janeiro, and Port of Salvador and rail crossings such as the Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas.
BR-352 evolved from colonial-era routes used during the Brazilian Gold Rush and cattle drives associated with Bandeirantes. Nineteenth-century developments tied to the Empire of Brazil saw improvements linked to projects by figures like Dom Pedro II and investment patterns following the Coffee Cycle that emphasized corridors to Port of Santos. Early twentieth-century modernization paralleled national policies under leaders such as Getúlio Vargas and initiatives from the Departamento Nacional de Estradas de Rodagem leading into the highway expansion era of the 1950s and 1960s under administrations including Juscelino Kubitschek. Construction phases were influenced by economic plans like the Plano de Metas and later integrated transport policies during the Military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985) which prioritized federal highway networks. Contemporary upgrades were driven by privatization dialogues involving entities like Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres and concession models used in projects associated with companies such as Ecorodovias and Rota das Bandeiras.
Key intersections include connections with BR-101 near Salvador, Bahia, a major interchange with BR-116 in the vicinity of Belo Horizonte, and a cross with BR-262 close to Vitória. The highway meets BR-050 near Uberaba and links to BR-376 around Maringá. In São Paulo the route intersects BR-381 connecting to Belo Horizonte and Ribeirão Preto, and joins access roads to Rodovia dos Imigrantes toward Santos. Approaching the south, BR-352 interchanges with BR-290 near Porto Alegre and interfaces with regional arteries serving Caxias do Sul and Pelotas.
Traffic patterns on BR-352 reflect heavy freight movement tied to agribusiness commodities like soybeans destined for the Port of Santos and cattle shipments toward processing centers in Porto Alegre. Passenger traffic includes intercity buses connecting metropolises such as Salvador, Bahia, Belo Horizonte, São Paulo, and Porto Alegre. Seasonal peaks occur during holiday periods connected to events like Carnival in Salvador and sporting events hosted by stadiums such as Maracanã Stadium and Morumbi Stadium. The route supports logistics chains for industries including automotive supply to plants in Campinas, mining freight linked to operations in Minas Gerais such as Vale S.A., and exports coordinated with terminals like Tecon Santos. Traffic management involves coordination with agencies including Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes and municipal authorities in cities like Feira de Santana.
Maintenance responsibility for BR-352 falls under federal oversight with segmented management often handled via concessions to firms such as CCR S.A. and Arteris. Upgrades have included duplication projects similar to works on BR-101 and resurfacing aligned with funding programs from the Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social and investments related to the Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento. Notable modernization efforts included interchange redesigns inspired by international examples from highways near São Paulo/Guarulhos–Governador André Franco Montoro International Airport and the implementation of intelligent transportation systems piloted in corridors used by Ecopistas concession projects. Environmental mitigation along sensitive sections drew on guidelines from the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis and archaeological assessments coordinated with institutions such as Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional.