Army Doctrine Publication 3-0
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| Army Doctrine Publication 3-0 | |
|---|---|
| Name | Army Doctrine Publication 3-0 |
| Subject | United States Army doctrine |
| Published | 2017 |
| Publisher | United States Department of Defense |
| Pages | 144 |
| Preceded by | Field Manual 3-0 (2008) |
Army Doctrine Publication 3-0 is a principal publication that articulates the United States Army's approach to unified land operations, operational art, and combined arms maneuver. It synthesizes guidance adopted after campaigns such as Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom (2001–2021), and lessons drawn from historical contests like the Vietnam War and the Gulf War, aligning Army practice with joint concepts promulgated by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and strategic aims of the Department of Defense. The document informs doctrine across echelons, shaping doctrine instructors at United States Military Academy, curriculum at United States Army War College, and training at National Training Center (Fort Irwin).
History and Development
The publication emerged from doctrinal evolution following reviews by the Chief of Staff of the Army and interagency studies after 9/11 attacks and protracted counterinsurgency campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan. It succeeded Field Manual 3-0 (2008) and integrated findings from analyses conducted by organizations such as the RAND Corporation, Center for Strategic and International Studies, and the Congressional Research Service. Contributors included practitioners with experience in I Corps (United States), V Corps, and combatant commands like United States Central Command. Historical antecedents trace to maneuver doctrine from the World War II era and conceptual shifts influenced by theorists tied to NATO exercises and studies from the British Army and Israeli Defense Forces.
Doctrine and Key Concepts
The doctrine codifies operational design and the Army’s role in unified action, reflecting concepts from the Joint Publication 3-0 family and emphasizing mission command as advocated by proponents such as former leaders at the Combined Arms Center (Fort Leavenworth). It defines decisive action, combined arms maneuver, and wide area security while referencing doctrine influences from campaigns like the Battle of Fallujah (2004) and the Battle of Mosul (2016–2017). The text integrates contemporary operational art with historical case studies involving formations such as the 1st Infantry Division (United States), 101st Airborne Division (United States), and multinational efforts historically linked to Operation Desert Storm.
Operational Framework and Principles
ADP 3-0 establishes principles including tempo, depth, and synchronization, drawing parallels to operations planned by United States Army Europe and campaign approaches used by USINDOPACOM. It situates land operations within the operational framework of shaping, decisive, and sustaining operations, connecting to campaign examples like Operation Overlord and counterinsurgency operations referencing Operation Anaconda. The framework cross-references joint planning constructs advanced by the Joint Staff and operational patterns observed during North Atlantic Treaty Organization collective actions.
Organization and Command Relationships
The publication delineates command authorities, echelon responsibilities, and relationships among entities such as Combatant Command (United States) headquarters, The Joint Staff, service component commands, and Army formations including FORSCOM and USARPAC. It addresses collaboration with interagency partners like the Department of State and security cooperation with allies represented by institutions such as United Kingdom Ministry of Defence, Canadian Armed Forces, and Australian Defence Force. Historical command arrangements from campaigns like Korean War and Operation Allied Force illustrate practical application.
Integration with Joint and Multinational Operations
ADP 3-0 emphasizes interoperability with United States Air Force airpower concepts, United States Navy sea control, and United States Marine Corps expeditionary maneuver, referencing coordination models utilized during Operation Unified Protector. It stresses combined operations with partners in NATO and coalitions exemplified by Coalition forces in Afghanistan (2001–2021), aligning Army planning with joint doctrine from the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The publication underscores liaison practices seen historically in multinational efforts like ISAF and stabilization operations in the Balkans.
Implementation, Training, and Education
The doctrine informs professional military education at institutions such as the United States Army Command and General Staff College, Army War College, and training regimens at centers like Joint Readiness Training Center and National Training Center (Fort Irwin). It guides development of tactics, techniques, and procedures used by brigades including Stryker Brigade Combat Teams and armored formations such as 1st Armored Division (United States). Implementation leverages lessons from experiments with concepts championed by units deployed in Operation Iraqi Freedom and development efforts supported by research entities like Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
Criticisms and Revisions
Scholars at the Brookings Institution and analysts from Heritage Foundation and Council on Foreign Relations have critiqued aspects of the publication for perceived emphasis or de-emphasis of counterinsurgency, conventional high-intensity conflict, and cyber-electromagnetic activities. Debates in professional journals such as Parameters (journal) and Military Review have prompted subsequent updates and revisions to reflect emerging domains highlighted by the National Defense Strategy and lessons from exercises like Vigilant Shield and Annual Partnership Exercise. Periodic revisions have sought to reconcile doctrinal clarity with rapid technological change exemplified by developments associated with Cyber Command and autonomous systems.